FUNCTION OF OSTEOCYTES IN BONE
FUNCTION OF OSTEOCYTES IN BONE
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DOI：
10.1002/jcb.240550304
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发表时间：
1994-07-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
NIJWEIDE, PJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
AARDEN, EM;BURGER, EH;NIJWEIDE, PJ
尽管细胞骨(即含有规则分布于骨基质中的骨细胞的骨)的结构设计可以追溯到骨作为一种组织在进化中的第一次出现，尽管骨细胞是最丰富的骨细胞类型，但我们对骨细胞在骨代谢中的作用知之甚少。骨细胞来源于成骨细胞。它们是由成骨细胞结合到骨基质中形成的。骨细胞通过缝隙连接耦合的细胞过程保持相互联系，并与骨表面的细胞保持联系，这些细胞过程通过小通道-小管，将含有细胞体的陷窝彼此连接起来，并与外部世界连接。在从成骨细胞向成熟骨细胞分化的过程中，细胞失去了大部分细胞器。它们的细胞突起充满了微丝。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了各种关于骨细胞功能的理论，这些理论考虑了骨细胞的这些特殊特征。这些是：1)骨细胞积极参与骨转换；2)骨细胞网络通过其大的细胞-基质接触面参与离子交换；3)骨细胞是骨的机械感觉细胞，在骨的功能适应中起着关键作用。在我们看来，特别是最后一个理论提供了一个令人兴奋的概念，一些生物力学、生化和细胞生物学的证据已经存在，这充分证明了进一步研究的必要性。(C)1994年Wiley-Liss，Inc.
Although the structural design of cellular bone (i.e., bone containing osteocytes that are regularly spaced throughout the bone matrix) dates back to the first occurrence of bone as a tissue in evolution, and although osteocytes represent the most abundant cell type of bone, we know as yet little about the role of the osteocyte in bone metabolism. Osteocytes descend from osteoblasts. They are formed by the incorporation of osteoblasts into the bone matrix. Osteocytes remain in contact with each other and with cells on the bone surface via gap junction-coupled cell processes passing through the matrix via small channels, the canaliculi, that connect the cell body-containing lacunae with each other and with the outside world. During differentiation from osteoblast to mature osteocyte the cells lose a large part of their cell organelles. Their cell processes are packed with microfilaments. In this review we discuss the various theories on osteocyte function that have taken in consideration these special features of osteocytes. These are 1) osteocytes are actively involved in bone turnover; 2) the osteocyte network is through its large cell-matrix contact surface involved in ion exchange; and 3) osteocytes are the mechanosensory cells of bone and play a pivotal role in functional adaptation of bone. In our opinion, especially the last theory offers an exciting concept for which some biomechanical, biochemical, and cell biological evidence is already available and which fully warrants further investigations. (C) 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.