Logjam Characteristics as Drivers of Transient Storage in Headwater Streams

Logjam Characteristics as Drivers of Transient Storage in Headwater Streams
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堵塞特征作为源头水流瞬时蓄水的驱动因素

DOI:
10.1029/2022wr033139
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发表时间:
2023
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Singha, K.
Singha, K.
中科院分区:
地球科学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Marshall, A.;Zhang, X.;Sawyer, A. H.;Wohl, E.;Singha, K.

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河流中的堵塞会造成回水状况,并在局部迫使水流过河床,从而在河流的表面和地下形成短暂的储存区域。在一个简化的实验通道中,我们研究了阻塞分布密度、阻塞渗透率和流量对暂态储存的相对重要性。我们使用物理水槽实验,在实验中注入盐示踪剂,监测地表水中的流体电导率突破曲线,并确定突破曲线的偏度来表征瞬态储存。然后,我们在水文地圈中开发了一个伴随的数值模型,以揭示通过地下(或下潜带)的流动路径,这些路径有助于一些最长的瞬态储存时间尺度。在水槽实验和数值模拟中,我们观察到壅塞处回水的形成和潜流交换的增加。观察到的暂态储存行为的复杂性在很大程度上取决于回水区的地表水流量。正如预期的那样,多个连续的堵塞通过在每个堵塞处分配水头下降来提供更普遍的次流交换,从而导致分布但较浅的流动路径。降低堵塞的渗透率或增加流量都有助于增加地表水的储存量和低渗交换的体积率。了解阻塞特征如何影响溶质通过河道和潜流带的运输,对森林或历史森林环境中的河流具有重要的管理意义。
Logjams in a stream create backwater conditions and locally force water to flow through the streambed, creating zones of transient storage within the surface and subsurface of a stream. We investigate the relative importance of logjam distribution density, logjam permeability, and discharge on transient storage in a simplified experimental channel. We use physical flume experiments in which we inject a salt tracer, monitor fluid conductivity breakthrough curves in surface water, and determine breakthrough‐curve skewness to characterize transient storage. We then develop a companion numerical model in HydroGeoSphere to reveal flow paths through the subsurface (or hyporheic zone) that contribute to some of the longest transient‐storage timescales. In both the flume experiments and numerical simulations, we observe backwater formation and an increase in hyporheic exchange at logjams. Observed complexities in transient storage behavior depend largely on surface water flow in the backwater zone. As expected, multiple successive logjams provide more pervasive hyporheic exchange by distributing the head drop at each jam, leading to distributed but shallow flow paths. Decreasing the permeability of a logjam or increasing the discharge both facilitate greater surface water storage and volumetric rate of hyporheic exchange. Understanding how logjam characteristics affect solute transport through both the channel and hyporheic zone has important management implications for rivers in forested, or historically forested, environments.
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