Significance of boulder shape, shoreline configuration and pre‐transport setting for the transport of boulders by tsunamis
Significance of boulder shape, shoreline configuration and pre‐transport setting for the transport of boulders by tsunamis
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巨石形状、海岸线构造和运输前设置对于海啸巨石运输的意义
DOI：
10.1002/esp.4870
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发表时间：
2020
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Schüttrumpf
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Oetjen;Pudasaini;Schüttrumpf
海啸引起的粗碎屑搬运是一个越来越受关注的研究领域，因为这种沉积物已被确定为极端波浪事件（海啸、风暴波）的有用代理，为沿海灾害评估提供了重要信息。除了现场观察外，物理实验是我们理解海啸如何移动巨石的基础，并为描述过程和基本力学的经验方程和数值模型的发展提供线索。然而，研究海啸引起的巨石移动是一门相对年轻的学科，迄今为止只发表了一些关于这一主题的实验研究。为了提高对近岸海啸流体力学的认识，利用现实世界的巨石形状在波浪水槽中模拟三种不同的海岸类型进行了物理实验。获得了对巨石运输流体动力学的重要见解，并以经验，统计，定量和定性的方式分析了实验产生的数据。与复杂的天然巨石和平面长方体巨石相比，规则长方体巨石——实验中使用的特定形状之一——显示出最长的传输距离，但在总传输距离方面也有显著波动。实验表明，海岸形状对巨石的搬运行为有很大的影响。增加平均输运距离的实验设置也导致了更高的结果扩散性。这种扩散在理想形状的长方体和复杂形状的巨石之间进一步扩大，这与较低的阻力系数有关。由于对不同实验设置的高度敏感的岩石反应，需要在现场研究和数值模型中识别克服通常考虑的参数（例如粗糙度或平坦度指数）的边界条件。除了初始巨石淹没和走向的强烈影响外，巨石形状和海岸类型都影响着巨石的搬运方式，在某些情况下，总搬运距离增加了350%以上。©2020作者。地球表面过程和地形由约翰威利和儿子有限公司出版
Research on tsunami‐induced coarse‐clast transport is a field of rising interest since such deposits have been identified as useful proxies for extreme‐wave events (tsunamis, storm waves) that provide crucial information for coastal hazard assessment. Physical experiments are, besidein‐situobservations, the foundation of our understanding of how boulders are transported by tsunamis and provide clues to the development of empirical equations and numerical models describing the processes and fundamental mechanics. Nevertheless, investigating tsunami‐induced boulder transport is a comparatively young discipline and only a few experimental studies focusing on this topic have been published so far. To improve the knowledge on nearshore tsunami hydrodynamics, physical experiments utilizing real‐world boulder shapes have been carried out simulating three different shore types in a wave flume. Crucial insights were gained into boulder transport hydrodynamics and data resulting from the experiments were analysed in an empirical, statistical, quantitative and qualitative manner. The regular cuboid boulder – one of the specific shapes used in the experiments – showed the longest transport distances compared to a complex, natural boulder and a flat cuboid boulder, but also significant fluctuations regarding the total transport distance. The experiments indicate a strong influence of the shore shape on boulder transport behaviour. Experimental setups of increased mean transport distances also led to a higher spreading of results. This spreading was further amplified between the idealized‐shaped cuboid and the complex‐shaped boulder, which is associated with a lower drag coefficient. Due to the highly sensitive boulder reaction to divergent experimental setups, the need to recognize boundary conditions overcoming commonly considered parameters (e.g. roughness or Flatness Index) in field studies and numerical models is underlined. Beside the strong influence of initial boulder submergence and alignment, both the boulder shape and shore type influence the boulder transport pattern, increasing the total transport distance by more than 350% in some cases. © 2020 The Authors. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd
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