Effects of mindset on positive illusions.
Effects of mindset on positive illusions.
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.69.2.213
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发表时间：
1995-08
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
Shelley E. Taylor;P. Gollwitzer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Shelley E. Taylor;P. Gollwitzer
S. E. Taylor和J. D. Brown（1988）关于心理健康的人表现出积极错觉的观点提出了一个难题：如果他们的感知是积极偏见的，人们如何有效地工作？利用Gollwitzer的审议-执行心态区分，我们评估了审议心态的人是否比执行心态的人表现出更少的积极错觉证据。参与者完成了一项心态任务，并评估了情绪、自我认知和对风险的感知脆弱性。相对于执行，深思熟虑导致情绪恶化、感知风险增加和自我认知下降；对照组（无思维模式）参与者的得分通常介于两者之间。研究3表明，心态操纵与人们实际做出决策或执行决策的方式相对应。研究结果表明，人们在设定目标时使用相对现实的思维，在实现目标时使用更积极的思维。
S. E. Taylor and J. D. Brown's (1988) position that mentally healthy people exhibit positive illusions raises a dilemma: How do people function effectively if their perceptions are positively biased? Using Gollwitzer's deliberative-implemental mindset distinctiion, we assessed whether people in a deliberative mindset show less evidence of positive illusions than people in an implemental mindset. Participants completed a mindset task and assessments of mood, self-perceptions, and perceived (in)vulnerability to risk. Deliberation led to worsened mood, greater perceived risk, and poorer self-perceptions, relative to implementation; control (no mindset) participants typically scored in between. Study 3 demonstrated that the mindset manipulation corresponds to how people actually make decisions or implement them. Results suggest that people use relatively realistic thinking when setting goals and more positive thinking when implementing them.