Regionalism in Italy: A Critique
Regionalism in Italy: A Critique
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意大利的地方主义：批判
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发表时间：
2012
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通讯作者：
S. Cavazza
中科院分区：
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作者：
S. Cavazza
2011年，意大利庆祝统一150周年。周年纪念日正值意大利政府的困难时期。最近对宪法的修改以及将意大利转变为一个联邦国家的计划，至少在税收方面，引起了人们对意大利地方主义问题的关注。诺德联盟运动甚至呼吁分裂国家。[1]这一主张在20世纪90年代开始流行，当时第二次世界大战后发展起来的政党制度因地方法官对腐败的调查而崩溃，现在被称为Tangentopoli（“贿赂城”）。与分离主义的倡导者的建议相反，这种反国家、反统一的地区主义的起源是最近的。诺德联盟本身的选举命运与对意大利巨额公共债务造成的日益沉重的财政负担的不满以及对移民的反感有关。这些问题构成了领土认同问题的基础，但立法会未能使许多人相信他们关于单独的北方认同的主张的可信度。作为回应，他们最近将战斗口号改为财政联邦主义，即税收收入的不同分配。如果我们重新审视地区主义的历史，以及更普遍的半岛的地方心态，政治策略的变化就变得可以理解了。显然，过去的地区主义要求与国家意识形态并不冲突。与中央政府的冲突涉及资源分配或中心与边缘之间的短暂分歧。
In 2011 Italy celebrated 150 years of unification. The anniversary comes at a difficult time for the Italian state. Recent changes to the constitution and plans to transform Italy into a federal state, at least tax-wise, have drawn attention to the problem of Italian regionalism. The Lega Nord movement has even called for a breaking up of the state.1 This became popular in the 1990s when the party system that had developed after the Second World War collapsed as a result of a magistrates’ inquiry into corruption, in what is now known as Tangentopoli (‘Bribetown’). Contrary to suggestions by the protagonists of separatism, the origin of this anti-state, anti-unification regionalism is recent. The electoral fortunes of the Lega Nord itself are linked to dissatisfaction with the growing fiscal burden due to Italy’s large public debt, as well as to ill feelings about immigrants. These issues underpin the question of territorial identity, but the Lega has not been able to convince many people of the credibility of their claim for a separate northern identity. In response they have recently altered their battle cry to fiscal federalism, that is, differing distribution of tax revenue. The change in political tactics becomes understandable if one reconstructs the history of regionalism and, more generally, the local mentality on the peninsula. It is clear that regionalist demands in the past did not clash with national ideology. The conflicts with the central state concerned distribution of resources or a passing disagreement between centre and periphery.