Facial expression as a potential measure of both intent and emotion
Facial expression as a potential measure of both intent and emotion
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DOI：
10.1038/s41598-018-35905-3
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发表时间：
2018-12-04
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Turner, Simon P.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Camerlink, Irene;Coulange, Estelle;Turner, Simon P.
面部表情传达关于情感、身体感觉和意图的信息。在动物研究中，面部表情可以是情感或意图的信号这一备受争议的理论在很大程度上仍然是分开的。在这里，我们将这些方法结合在一起，目的是1)调查猪是否可以使用面部表情作为意图的信号；2)量化不同背景下潜在负面情绪状态下面部度量的差异。在一场二元竞赛中，38头猪在攻击前、攻击期间和从攻击中撤退时的面部测量被记录下来。测量了572张图像的耳角、鼻子比(长/高)和眼球比。在攻击性发生之前，第一次咬人的最终发起者的鼻子比例较小，最终获胜者的耳朵比最终失败者的耳朵更向前的趋势并不显著。在攻击过程中，猪的耳朵更朝前，鼻子比更小。在撤退过程中，猪的耳朵向后，眼睛张开得更少。结果表明，面部表情可以传达与战斗成功相关的攻击性意图，面部指标可以传达有关对涉及攻击和恐惧的环境的情感反应的信息。
Facial expressions convey information on emotion, physical sensations, and intent. The much debated theories that facial expressions can be emotions or signals of intent have largely remained separated in animal studies. Here we integrate these approaches with the aim to 1) investigate whether pigs may use facial expressions as a signal of intent and; 2) quantify differences in facial metrics between different contexts of potentially negative emotional state. Facial metrics of 38 pigs were recorded prior to aggression, during aggression and during retreat from being attacked in a dyadic contest. Ear angle, snout ratio (length/height) and eye ratio from 572 images were measured. Prior to the occurrence of aggression, eventual initiators of the first bite had a smaller snout ratio and eventual winners showed a non-significant tendency to have their ears forward more than eventual losers. During aggression, pigs' ears were more forward orientated and their snout ratio was smaller. During retreat, pigs' ears were backwards and their eyes open less. The results suggest that facial expressions can communicate aggressive intent related to fight success, and that facial metrics can convey information about emotional responses to contexts involving aggression and fear.