Key rules of life and the fading cryosphere: Impacts in alpine lakes and streams
Key rules of life and the fading cryosphere: Impacts in alpine lakes and streams
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DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15362
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发表时间：
2020-10-19
影响因子：
11.6
通讯作者：
Saros, Jasmine E.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Elser, James J.;Wu, Chenxi;Saros, Jasmine E.
由于持续的气候变化导致冰雪流失，高山地区正在迅速发生变化。虽然研究记录了高山湖泊和溪流对这些变化的生态反应，但我们预测此类结果的能力是有限的。我们建议，应用基本的生活规则可以帮助开发必要的预测框架。我们关注生命的四个关键规则及其相互作用：从酶到进化的生物过程的温度依赖性；太阳辐射对生物和生态过程的影响的波长依赖性；生命的非任意元素化学计量的后果；以及跨尺度限制资源利用效率的最大化。随着冰冻圈融化和解冻，高山湖泊和溪流将经历温度状况、紫外线和光合有效辐射中太阳辐射的绝对和相对输入以及资源（例如碳、氮和磷）的相对供应的重大变化，从而对特定生物群以及群落和生态系统特性产生非线性和交互影响。我们建议，将这些关键的生命规则应用于受冰冻圈影响的生态系统将减少全球变化影响的不确定性，并有助于形成对快速变化的高山环境的综合全球观点。然而，这样做需要深入的跨学科协作和国际合作。更广泛地说，高山冰冻圈是一个系统的例子，在这个系统中，提高我们对生命系统机械基础的理解可能会改变我们预测和减轻当前全球变化对地球生物群和环境多样性的巨大影响的能力。
Alpine regions are changing rapidly due to loss of snow and ice in response to ongoing climate change. While studies have documented ecological responses in alpine lakes and streams to these changes, our ability to predict such outcomes is limited. We propose that the application of fundamental rules of life can help develop necessary predictive frameworks. We focus on four key rules of life and their interactions: the temperature dependence of biotic processes from enzymes to evolution; the wavelength dependence of the effects of solar radiation on biological and ecological processes; the ramifications of the non-arbitrary elemental stoichiometry of life; and maximization of limiting resource use efficiency across scales. As the cryosphere melts and thaws, alpine lakes and streams will experience major changes in temperature regimes, absolute and relative inputs of solar radiation in ultraviolet and photosynthetically active radiation, and relative supplies of resources (e.g., carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus), leading to nonlinear and interactive effects on particular biota, as well as on community and ecosystem properties. We propose that applying these key rules of life to cryosphere-influenced ecosystems will reduce uncertainties about the impacts of global change and help develop an integrated global view of rapidly changing alpine environments. However, doing so will require intensive interdisciplinary collaboration and international cooperation. More broadly, the alpine cryosphere is an example of a system where improving our understanding of mechanistic underpinnings of living systems might transform our ability to predict and mitigate the impacts of ongoing global change across the daunting scope of diversity in Earth's biota and environments.