Stat-tracks and mediotypes: powerful tools for modern ichnology based on 3D models.
Stat-tracks and mediotypes: powerful tools for modern ichnology based on 3D models.
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作者：
Belvedere M;Bennett MR;Marty D;Budka M;Reynolds SC;Bakirov R
脊椎动物的足迹分布广泛，有多种形态类型。单个轨迹标记可以与反映个体踏板解剖结构和行为运动学的轨迹范围相关联，该轨迹范围通过可以在空间和时间上变化的基底属性来介导。因此，相同的痕迹制造者可以留下实质上不同的形态类型，这是在创建遗迹分类群时必须考虑的。在现代实践中，这通常通过一系列3D轨道模型的集合来捕获。我们引入两个概念，以帮助这些三维模型集成到遗迹分析程序。中模式标本是基于这样一个想法，即使用模式标本的三维轨迹模型（中位数或平均值）来创建一个复合轨迹，以支持对遗迹类型的正式识别。代表性轨道（平均值和/或中值）从一组单独的参考轨道或从来自一个或多个轨道的多个示例创建。相比之下，统计轨迹是指可以探索方差的其他数字生成的轨迹。例如，它们在以下方面是有用的：了解给定轨迹样本的保存变异性;识别特征或不寻常的轨迹特征;或仅仅作为定量比较工具。这两个概念有助于使遗迹分类学的解释，我们认为，他们应该成为标准程序的一部分时，制定新的遗迹分类。随着三维模型开始成为脊椎动物遗迹学出版物的标准，中型和统计跟踪概念有可能帮助指导脊椎动物遗迹学和遗迹分类学研究的革命。
Vertebrate tracks are subject to a wide distribution of morphological types. A single trackmaker may be associated with a range of tracks reflecting individual pedal anatomy and behavioural kinematics mediated through substrate properties which may vary both in space and time. Accordingly, the same trackmaker can leave substantially different morphotypes something which must be considered in creating ichnotaxa. In modern practice this is often captured by the collection of a series of 3D track models. We introduce two concepts to help integrate these 3D models into ichnological analysis procedures. The mediotype is based on the idea of using statistically-generated three-dimensional track models (median or mean) of the type specimens to create a composite track to support formal recognition of a ichno type. A representative track (mean and/or median) is created from a set of individual reference tracks or from multiple examples from one or more trackways. In contrast, stat-tracks refer to other digitally generated tracks which may explore variance. For example, they are useful in: understanding the preservation variability of a given track sample; identifying characteristics or unusual track features; or simply as a quantitative comparison tool. Both concepts assist in making ichnotaxonomical interpretations and we argue that they should become part of the standard procedure when instituting new ichnotaxa. As three-dimensional models start to become a standard in publications on vertebrate ichnology, the mediotype and stat-track concepts have the potential to help guiding a revolution in the study of vertebrate ichnology and ichnotaxonomy.
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