Measuring mass-loss rates and constraining shock physics using X-ray line profiles of O stars from the Chandra archive

Measuring mass-loss rates and constraining shock physics using X-ray line profiles of O stars from the Chandra archive
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使用钱德拉档案中 O 星的 X 射线线轮廓测量质量损失率并约束冲击物理

DOI:
10.1093/mnras/stu008
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发表时间:
2014
影响因子:
4.8
通讯作者:
Owocki
Owocki
中科院分区:
物理与天体物理2区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cohen D.H;Wollman;Leutenegger;Sundqvist J.O;Fullerton A.W;Zsargo;Owocki

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我们定量研究风吸收签名的程度在所有非磁性的X射线光栅光谱,有效地单O星在theChandra档案通过线轮廓拟合。在通常的假设下,球对称风与嵌入式冲击,我们证实了以前的说法,有些对象显示很少或根本没有风的吸收。然而,许多其他物体确实显示出不对称和蓝移的线轮廓,表明了风的吸收。对于这些恒星,我们能够从线轮廓的集合中推导出风的质量损失率,并且发现值比当前理论模型预测的值平均低3倍,并且如果假设聚集因子为20,则与Hα一致。同样的剖面拟合表明,X射线的起始半径通常为r = 1.5R*,X射线发射风分量的终端速度与体风的终端速度一致。我们探讨的可能性,在他们的线配置文件中没有显着的风吸收签名的样本中的恒星至少有一些X射线发射所产生的碰撞风冲击与密切的二进制同伴。一个明显的例外是猎户座,一个弱风星星,似乎只是有一个非常低的质量损失率。我们还重新分析的结果,从典型的O超巨星Pupo,使用太阳金属丰度风不透明度模型,并发现,与最近的多波长测定一致。
We quantitatively investigate the extent of wind absorption signatures in the X-ray grating spectra of all non-magnetic, effectively single O stars in theChandraarchive via line profile fitting. Under the usual assumption of a spherically symmetric wind with embedded shocks, we confirm previous claims that some objects show little or no wind absorption. However, many other objects do show asymmetric and blueshifted line profiles, indicative of wind absorption. For these stars, we are able to derive wind mass-loss rates from the ensemble of line profiles, and find values lower by an average factor of 3 than those predicted by current theoretical models, and consistent with Hα if clumping factors offcl≈ 20 are assumed. The same profile fitting indicates an onset radius of X-rays typically atr≈ 1.5R*, and terminal velocities for the X-ray emitting wind component that are consistent with that of the bulk wind. We explore the likelihood that the stars in the sample that do not show significant wind absorption signatures in their line profiles have at least some X-ray emission that arises from colliding wind shocks with a close binary companion. The one clear exception is ζ Oph, a weak-wind star that appears to simply have a very low mass-loss rate. We also reanalyse the results from the canonical O supergiant ζ Pup, using a solar-metallicity wind opacity model and find, consistent with recent multiwavelength determinations.
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