PET evaluation of the dopamine system of the human brain.
PET evaluation of the dopamine system of the human brain.
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发表时间：
1996-07
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通讯作者：
N. Volkow;J. Fowler;S. Gatley;J. Logan;G. Wang;Yu-Shin Ding;S. Dewey
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作者：
N. Volkow;J. Fowler;S. Gatley;J. Logan;G. Wang;Yu-Shin Ding;S. Dewey
多巴胺在运动、动机和认知的调节和控制中起着关键作用。它还与奖励、强化和上瘾密切相关。脑多巴胺的异常与许多神经和精神疾病有关，包括帕金森氏症、精神分裂症和药物滥用。多巴胺与神经和精神疾病以及药物滥用之间的密切联系使其成为神经科学研究的重要课题和药物开发的重要分子靶点。PET能够直接测量活着的人脑中的多巴胺系统的成分。它依赖于标记多巴胺受体、多巴胺转运体、多巴胺前体或对降解多巴胺的酶具有特异性的化合物的放射性示踪剂。此外，通过使用提供局部大脑新陈代谢或血流信息的示踪剂以及神经化学特定的药理学干预，PET可用于评估大脑多巴胺活动变化的功能后果。宠物多巴胺测量已被用于研究正常人类大脑及其与精神和神经疾病的关系。它还被用于精神药理学研究，以调查用于治疗帕金森氏症和精神分裂症的多巴胺药物，以及调查滥用药物对多巴胺系统的影响。由于可以在同一对象中研究不同的功能和神经参数，PET使研究人脑中多巴胺系统的功能完整性以及多巴胺与其他神经递质的相互作用成为可能。通过同时开发新的放射性示踪剂、动力学模型和更好的仪器，PET技术使研究人类大脑多巴胺系统越来越复杂的方面成为可能。本文综述了用正电子发射计算机断层扫描(PET)评价人脑中多巴胺系统的各种元素的不同示踪剂和实验策略及其在临床研究中的应用。
Dopamine plays a pivotal role in the regulation and control of movement, motivation and cognition. It also is closely linked to reward, reinforcement and addiction. Abnormalities in brain dopamine are associated with many neurological and psychiatric disorders including Parkinson's disease, schizophrenia and substance abuse. This close association between dopamine and neurological and psychiatric diseases and with substance abuse make it an important topic in research in the neurosciences and an important molecular target in drug development. PET enables the direct measurement of components of the dopamine system in the living human brain. It relies on radiotracers which label dopamine receptors, dopamine transporters, precursors of dopamine or compounds which have specificity for the enzymes which degrade dopamine. Additionally, by using tracers that provide information on regional brain metabolism or blood flow as well as neurochemically specific pharmacological interventions, PET can be used to assess the functional consequences of changes in brain dopamine activity. PET dopamine measurements have been used to investigate the normal human brain and its involvement in psychiatric and neurological diseases. It has also been used in psychopharmacological research to investigate dopamine drugs used in the treatment of Parkinson's disease and of schizophrenia as well as to investigate the effects of drugs of abuse on the dopamine system. Since various functional and neurological parameters can be studied in the same subject, PET enables investigation of the functional integrity of the dopamine system in the human brain and investigation of the interactions of dopamine with other neurotransmitters. Through the parallel development of new radiotracers, kinetic models and better instruments, PET technology is enabling investigation of increasingly more complex aspects of the human brain dopamine system. This paper summarizes the different tracers and experimental strategies developed to evaluate the various elements of the dopamine system in the human brain with PET and their applications to clinical research.