Sensitivity of phytoplankton to future changes in ocean carbonate chemistry: current knowledge, contradictions and research directions
Sensitivity of phytoplankton to future changes in ocean carbonate chemistry: current knowledge, contradictions and research directions
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DOI：
10.3354/meps07776
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发表时间：
2008-01-01
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Rost, Bjoern;Zondervan, Ingrid;Wolf-Gladrow, Dieter
尽管海洋浮游植物的体积很小，但它们占全球初级生产的一半左右，是海洋食物网的基础。这一多样的生物群体驱动着重要的地球化学循环，向深水沃茨和沉积物输出大量的碳，并强烈影响海洋-大气气体交换。在今后100年及以后，人为气候变化将导致海洋环境发生重大变化。与工业化前相比，大气中CO的增加已经导致水中CO2浓度显著升高，pH值降低（“海洋酸化”）。温度上升也将影响海洋表层的分层，这反过来又会影响表层水的光照状况和来自深层的营养物质输入。浮游植物将在许多方面受到这些环境变化的影响。在这篇文章中，我们评估了不同的浮游植物群体的可能的响应方面预期的物理化学变化。除了总结实验室和实地研究，我们概述了目前的理解的基本机制，导致过程，如光合作用，钙化和固氮是敏感的海洋酸化。我们描述了不同的方法来操纵碳酸盐化学（例如酸/碱或CO2添加），讨论其模拟未来海洋酸化的潜力，并暗示在实验中引起的常见问题，例如，由高生物量或使用缓冲区。除了CO2扰动实验的指导方针，我们认为，它是必不可少的，看看多个环境因素与CO2相结合，旨在过程的理解，而不是相关性，并评估浮游植物物种的多样性在实验室和现场研究。
Despite their microscopic size, marine phytoplankton are responsible for about half of the global primary production and represent the basis of the marine food web. This diverse group of organisms drives important biogeochemical cycles, exporting massive amounts of carbon to deep waters and sediments, and strongly influencing ocean - atmosphere gas exchanges. Anthropogenic climate change will result in significant alterations in the marine environment over the next 100 yr and beyond. The increase in atmospheric CO, has already caused significantly higher aquatic CO2 concentrations and lower pH values ('ocean acidification') than in pre-industrial times. Rising temperatures will also impact surface ocean stratification, which in turn will affect the surface-water light regime and nutrient input from deeper layers. Phytoplankton will be affected by these environmental changes in many ways. In this article we assess the possible responses of different phytoplankton groups with regard to the expected physico-chemical changes. In addition to summarizing laboratory and field studies, we outline the current understanding of the underlying mechanisms that cause processes such as photosynthesis, calcification, and nitrogen fixation to be sensitive to ocean acidification. We describe different approaches to manipulate carbonate chemistry (e.g. acid/base or CO2 addition), discuss their potential to simulate future ocean acidification, and allude to common problems in experiments caused, for instance, by high biomass or the use of buffers. In addition to guidelines for CO2 perturbation experiments, we argue that it is essential to look at multiple environmental factors in combination with CO2, to aim for process-understanding rather than correlation, and to assess a wider diversity of phytoplankton species both in laboratory and field studies.