In vitro and in vivo acaricidal activity and residual toxicity of spinosad to the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae
In vitro and in vivo acaricidal activity and residual toxicity of spinosad to the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae
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DOI：
10.1016/j.vetpar.2010.06.035
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发表时间：
2010-10-29
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Guy, J. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
George, D. R.;Shiel, R. S.;Guy, J. H.
本文描述了两项实验，旨在检验多杀菌素对家禽红螨、鸡皮螨（De Geer）的杀螨潜力，鸡皮螨是一种严重的蛋鸡体外寄生害虫。多杀菌素是源自微生物刺糖多孢菌发酵的天然产物。体外测试证实，当将多杀菌素施用于镀锌金属板至流出点时，多杀菌素对成年雌性鸡蛔虫有毒，并表明施用量为 3.88 g/L 时，多杀菌素的显着残留毒性可达到长达 21 天。随后在蛋鸡传统笼舍系统中进行的体内实验证明，当以 1.94 或 3.88 g/L 施用时，单次施用多杀菌素对鸡螨具有杀螨活性和残留毒性。在这两种施用率下，在整个喷雾后 28 天的研究期间，多杀菌素的残留毒性得以维持，在喷雾后 14 天出现产品功效峰值。结果表明，鸡蝇种群越多，多杀菌素的毒性作用就越大。尽管其确切原因尚不清楚，但可以推测，在较高的螨虫种群密度下，同种动物之间可以更有效地传播产品。然而，需要进一步研究来证实这种可能性。体内应用多杀菌素对母鸡体重或产蛋参数（数量和重量）没有影响，这表明该产品可用于有效控制产蛋鸡 D. gallinae 的侵染。本文还描述了一种在单个禽舍中有效且高效地实现治疗复制的新方法，该禽舍以前没有鸡蝇。各组传统笼养母鸡，接种鸡 D. gallinae 并用作重复。重复的独立性是通过使用不干胶屏障将笼组彼此隔离来实现的，以尽量减少鸡蛔虫的迁移。因此，在单个禽舍内创建分离的鸡道螨种群（重复）代表了一种在田间条件下筛选其他潜在杀螨剂的新颖且有效的方法。 (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
This paper describes two experiments conducted to examine the acaricidal potential of spinosad against the poultry red mite, Dermanyssus gallinae (De Geer), a serious ectoparasitic pest of laying hens. Spinosad is a natural product derived from the fermentation of the micro-organism Saccharopolyspora spinosa. In vitro testing confirmed that, when applied to a galvanised metal plate to the point of run-off, spinosad was toxic to adult female D. gallinae and suggested that at an application rate of 3.88 g/L a significant residual toxicity of spinosad could be achieved for up to 21 days. A subsequent in vivo experiment in a conventional cage housing system for laying hens demonstrated the acaricidal activity and residual toxicity to D. gallinae of a single application of spinosad when applied at either 1.94 or 3.88 g/L Residual toxicity of spinosad at both of these application rates was maintained throughout the course of the 28 day post-spray study period, with a peak in product efficacy seen 14 days after spraying. The results suggest that the greater the D. gallinae population the greater will be the toxic effect of spinosad. Although the exact reasons for this are unclear, it can be speculated that conspecifics spread the product between each other more efficiently at higher mite population densities. However, further study is warranted to confirm this possibility. Application of spinosad in vivo had no effect on hen bodyweight or egg production parameters (number and weight), suggesting that this product could be used to effectively control D. gallinae infestations whilst birds are in lay. This paper also describes a novel method for effectively and efficiently achieving replication of treatments in a single poultry house, previously unpopulated with D. gallinae. Individual groups of conventional cages were stocked with hens, seeded with D. gallinae and used as replicates. Independence of replicates was achieved by isolating cage groups from one another using a non-drying glue barrier to minimise D. gallinae migration. Creating isolated populations (replicates) of D. gallinae within a single poultry house thus represents a novel and efficient means of screening other potential acaricides under field conditions. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.