The next step in understanding the function of dreams.
The next step in understanding the function of dreams.
复制标题
了解梦的功能的下一步。
DOI：
10.1093/sleep/zsad010
复制
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
5.6
通讯作者：
Cunningham,TonyJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cunningham,TonyJ
梦的功能和意义继续吸引和暗示着人类。尽管存在近乎普遍的阴谋，但在过去150年里，公众和科学舆论对梦的研究似乎经常在边缘超心理学和主流学术追求之间摇摆。一个促成因素是，梦的研究一直并将继续主要依赖于对不同意识状态的心理状态的回顾报告。因此，我们对梦的理解上的每一次令人兴奋的突破通常都是在技术进步之前，比如发现了富于做梦的快速眼动(REM)睡眠[1]，或者是一种新的创造性研究设计--通常是以研究人员的代价为代价的，因为对梦研究的资金支持经常与公众舆论摇摆不定。幸运的是，对于当代睡眠和梦研究人员来说，许多著名科学家多年来帮助揭开了做梦的大脑的面纱[2-11]，Picard-Deland等人的工作[12]最近发表在睡眠上，标志着我们在理解上又向前迈进了一步。学术界对梦背后的机制和功能的追求已经产生了实质性的结果。例如，以前的研究表明，做梦既发生在快速眼动(REM)和非快速眼动(NREM)睡眠中[13-16]，而且绝大多数(超过80%)的梦内容反映了对过去事件或预期未来事件的记忆[17，18]。此外，梦不是完整地重演过去的事件，而是典型地将过去记忆的元素融入独特的模拟[18-20]。虽然有些人仍然认为梦只是反映了与其他过程相关的神经活动的副产品[21]，但梦中持续存在的记忆内容以及梦和学习之间的关系已经被发现[13，22-24]，这使得许多当代理论家认为，梦至少有一个潜在的功能是帮助巩固和整合记忆，将其整合到长期存储中，并促进新的联系和联系(例如，StickGold和Zadra提出的NextUp模型[25])。通过这种方式，梦可能有助于形成我们自传式记忆的框架，帮助塑造我们是谁，以及我们如何看待自己和周围的世界。此外，公司成立后
The function and meaning of dreams continue to fascinate and allude humankind. Despite the near universal intrigue, the pendulum of public and scientific opinion on dream research seems to have regularly oscillated over the past 150 years between fringe parapsychology and mainstream scholarly pursuit. One contributing factor is that dream research has always and continues to primarily rely on retrospective reports of mentation from a different state of consciousness. As such, each exciting breakthrough in our understanding of dreams is typically preceded by either an advancement in technology, such as the discovery of dreamrich rapid eye movement (REM) sleep [1], or a new creative study design—often at the expense of investigators as the funding support for dream research has frequently oscillated with that of public opinion.Fortunately, for contemporary sleep and dream researchers, a number of prominent scientists over the years have aided in chipping away at the veil of the dreaming brain [2–11], and the work of Picard-Deland et al.[12] recently published in SLEEP marks another step forward in our understanding. The scholarly pursuit of the mechanisms behind and functions of dreaming has already produced substantive results. For instance, previous work has revealed that dreaming occurs both during REM and non-REM (NREM) sleep [13–16] and that a vast majority of dream content (over 80%) reflects memories for past events or anticipated future events [17, 18]. Furthermore, rather than replaying past events in their entirety, dreams typically incorporate elements of past memories into unique simulations [18–20]. While some still posit that dreams merely reflect the byproduct of neural activity related to other processes [21], the consistent presence of memory content in dreams and the relationship that has been identified between dreams and learning [13, 22–24] have led many contemporary theorists to suggest that at least one potential function of dreams is to aid in the consolidation and integration of memories into long-term storage and to facilitate novel connections and associations (eg the NEXTUP model proposed by Stickgold and Zadra [25]). In this way, dreams may aid in developing the framework of our autobiographical memories [26], helping to shape who we are and how we view ourselves and the world around us. Moreover, the incorporation