Revisiting four scientific debates in ocean acidification research
Revisiting four scientific debates in ocean acidification research
复制标题
DOI：
10.5194/bg-9-893-2012
复制
发表时间：
2012-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.9
通讯作者：
Mackenzie, F. T.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Andersson, A. J.;Mackenzie, F. T.
近年来，海洋酸化不断受到科学家和一些利益攸关方越来越多的关注，并引起人们对其对海洋生物和生态系统影响的严重关切。随着人们对这一环境问题的兴趣、资金和科学调查的增加，产生了越来越多的数据和结果，对这一问题的认识也开始逐步加深和更加严格。尽管如此，仍然存在一些科学辩论，在某些情况下还有误解，在各种场合的一些论坛上不断出现。在这篇文章中，我们重新审视了其中四个我们认为需要进一步深入思考的主题，包括：（1）浅水沿海地区的表层海水CO2化学，（2）使用CO2气体或通过酸添加对海洋系统的实验操作，（3）净与总钙化和溶解，以及（4）CaCO 3矿物溶解和海水缓冲。作为对这些主题的总结，我们强调：（1）许多沿海环境经历的海水pCO（2）明显高于与大气平衡的预期值，并与生物过程密切相关;（2）在海洋酸化实验中，向海水中添加酸、碱或CO2气体都是操纵海水化学的有用技术;（3）基于现有技术的钙化或CaCO 3溶解的估计是测量总钙化和溶解的净值;以及（4）亚稳碳酸盐矿物相的溶解将不会产生足够的碱度来缓冲浅水环境的pH和碳酸盐饱和状态，其时间尺度为几十年到几百年。在一定程度上，将避免对海洋钙化物的任何潜在负面影响。
In recent years, ocean acidification has gained continuously increasing attention from scientists and a number of stakeholders and has raised serious concerns about its effects on marine organisms and ecosystems. With the increase in interest, funding resources, and the number of scientific investigations focusing on this environmental problem, increasing amounts of data and results have been produced, and a progressively growing and more rigorous understanding of this problem has begun to develop. Nevertheless, there are still a number of scientific debates, and in some cases misconceptions, that keep reoccurring at a number of forums in various contexts. In this article, we revisit four of these topics that we think require further thoughtful consideration including: (1) surface seawater CO2 chemistry in shallow water coastal areas, (2) experimental manipulation of marine systems using CO2 gas or by acid addition, (3) net versus gross calcification and dissolution, and (4) CaCO3 mineral dissolution and seawater buffering. As a summation of these topics, we emphasize that: (1) many coastal environments experience seawater pCO(2) that is significantly higher than expected from equilibrium with the atmosphere and is strongly linked to biological processes; (2) addition of acid, base or CO2 gas to seawater can all be useful techniques to manipulate seawater chemistry in ocean acidification experiments; (3) estimates of calcification or CaCO3 dissolution based on present techniques are measuring the net of gross calcification and dissolution; and (4) dissolution of metastable carbonate mineral phases will not produce sufficient alkalinity to buffer the pH and carbonate saturation state of shallow water environments on timescales of decades to hundreds of years to the extent that any potential negative effects on marine calcifiers will be avoided.