[Formula: see text] Does training working memory or inhibitory control produce far-transfer improvements in set shifting for children with ADHD? A randomized controlled trial.
[Formula: see text] Does training working memory or inhibitory control produce far-transfer improvements in set shifting for children with ADHD? A randomized controlled trial.
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[公式：见正文] 训练工作记忆或抑制控制是否会对多动症儿童的设定转移产生远转移改善？
DOI：
10.1080/09297049.2022.2138301
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Kofler,MichaelJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
IrwinHarper,LaurenN;Groves,NicoleB;Marsh,CarolynL;Cole,AlissaM;Kofler,MichaelJ
注意力缺陷多动障碍的儿童在集合转移任务中表现出障碍。然而，有限的现有证据表明，直接训练转移可能不会提高这一人群的转移性能。我们推测，这种不一致可能是因为ADHD儿童在转移任务中表现出的障碍是由于其他执行功能的缺陷，因为转移任务也涉及儿童的工作记忆和/或抑制控制能力。这项随机对照试验研究了工作记忆与抑制控制的神经认知训练在多大程度上可以产生下游（远转移）改善集转移任务性能。患有ADHD的8-12岁儿童（M= 10.41，SD= 1.46; 12名女孩; 74%白色/非西班牙裔）被随机分配到中央执行训练（CET; n= 25）或抑制控制训练（ICT; n= 29），这两种下一代数字疗法先前显示可以改善其预期的神经认知目标。在治疗前和治疗后进行两项标准集变化试验。结果显示ICT在提高换档准确性方面上级CET（治疗×时间：p=. 03，BF10 = 3.01，η 2=. 09，d= 0.63）。ICT在提高换档速度方面也上级CET，尽管只有两个结果任务中的一个（p=. 02，BF10 = 4.53，η 2=. 08，d= 0.59）。CET并没有提高两项任务的换档速度或准确性（p> 0.05）。52，BF 01> 2.62），但在一个结果任务上显示出更普遍（非转移特异性）的反应时间改善的证据（转移试验，d= 0.70;非转移试验，d= 0.68）。两者合计，这些研究结果证实，抑制控制是重要的成功的性能转移测试，并建议，训练抑制控制可能反映了一种方法，以改善设置转移困难的儿童多动症。
Children with ADHD show impairments in set shifting task performance. However, the limited available evidence suggests that directly training shifting may not improve shifting performance in this population. We hypothesized that this incongruence may be because impairments exhibited by children with ADHD during shifting tasks are due to deficits in other executive functions, as shifting tasks also engage children's working memory and/or inhibitory control abilities. This randomized controlled trial examined the extent to which neurocognitive training of working memory vs. inhibitory control can produce downstream (far-transfer) improvements in set shifting task performance. Children with ADHD ages 8-12 (M= 10.41, SD= 1.46; 12 girls; 74% White/Non-Hispanic) were randomized to either central executive training (CET; n= 25) or inhibitory control training (ICT; n= 29), two next-generation digital therapeutics previously shown to improve their intended neurocognitive targets. Two criterion set shifting tests were administered at pre-and post-treatment. Results indicated that ICT was superior to CET for improving shifting accuracy (treatmentxtime: p=. 03, BF 10= 3.01, η 2=. 09, d= 0.63). ICT was also superior to CET for improving shifting speed, albeit on only one of the two outcome tasks (p=. 02, BF 10= 4.53, η 2=. 08, d= 0.59). CET did not produce improvements in shifting speed or accuracy on either task (p>. 52, BF 01> 2.62), but showed evidence for more general (non-shifting-specific) improvement in response times on one of the outcome tasks (shift trials, d= 0.70; non-shift trials, d= 0.68). Taken together, these findings confirm that inhibitory control is important for successful performance on shifting tests, and suggest that training inhibitory control may reflect a method for improving set shifting difficulties in children with ADHD.