A Behavioral Measure of Costly Helping: Replicating and Extending the Association with Callous Unemotional Traits in Male Adolescents.
A Behavioral Measure of Costly Helping: Replicating and Extending the Association with Callous Unemotional Traits in Male Adolescents.
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0151678
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发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Crowley TJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sakai JT;Dalwani MS;Mikulich-Gilbertson SK;McWilliams SK;Raymond KM;Crowley TJ
一些有品行障碍的青少年具有高度的冷酷无情特质，符合《精神疾病诊断与统计手册》第五版中“亲社会情感有限”（LPE）的说明。这些青少年常常做出侵害他人利益以谋取自身好处的行为。我们之前开发了一项任务——“阿拉恩游戏”，要求参与者反复决定是否接受一些提议，接受提议他们就能获得金钱，但预先计划好的慈善捐赠会减少。在我们之前的研究中，更多的“代价高昂的帮助行为”（即拒绝接受所提供的金钱以保护捐赠）与较低的冷酷无情特质相关。在此，我们在一个更大样本的有严重品行问题的青春期男性患者及对照组中拓展了之前的研究，并检验这种关联是否具体由升华感反应（即对他人善举的积极情感反应）所介导。
参与研究的青春期男性包括：45名患者（其中23名具有LPE特质）和26名对照组人员，他们都接受了广泛的表型评估，其中包括一项升华感测量。大约1周后，参与者进行了“阿拉恩游戏”。
“阿拉恩游戏”的所有结果都显示出显著的组间效应：（1）为自己拿走的钱（p = 0.02）；（2）留在慈善捐赠中的钱（p = 0.03）；以及（3）代价高昂的帮助行为（p = 0.047）。对照组拿走的钱最少，做出的代价高昂的帮助行为最多，而具有LPE特质的患者拿走的钱最多，做出的代价高昂的帮助行为最少。各组在刺激后的升华感得分上也存在显著差异（p = 0.005）。探索性分析表明，冷酷无情特质与“阿拉恩游戏”中代价高昂的帮助行为之间的关系，可能部分由升华感的差异所介导。
“阿拉恩游戏”提供了一种与冷酷无情特质相关的标准化行为测量方法。具有高度冷酷无情特质的青少年做出代价高昂的帮助行为较少，这些差异可能与积极情感反应的减弱有关。
Some conduct-disordered youths have high levels of callous unemotional traits and meet the DSM-5’s “with limited prosocial emotions” (LPE) specifier. These youths often do aggressive, self-benefitting acts that cost others. We previously developed a task, the AlAn’s game, which asks participants to repeatedly decide whether to accept or reject offers in which they will receive money but a planned charity donation will be reduced. In our prior work, more "costly helping" (i.e., rejecting the offered money and protecting the donation) was associated with lower callous unemotional traits. Here we extend that prior work in a larger sample of adolescent male patients with serious conduct problems and controls, and test whether this association is mediated specifically by a Moral Elevation response (i.e., a positive emotional response to another’s act of virtue). The adolescent male participants were: 45 patients (23 with LPE) and 26 controls, who underwent an extensive phenotypic assessment including a measure of Moral Elevation. About 1 week later participants played the AlAn’s game. All AlAn’s game outcomes demonstrated significant group effects: (1) money taken for self (p = 0.02); (2) money left in the charitable donation (p = 0.03); and, (3) costly helping (p = 0.047). Controls took the least money and did the most costly helping, while patients with LPE took the most money and did the least costly helping. Groups also significantly differed in post-stimulus Moral Elevation scores (p = 0.005). Exploratory analyses supported that the relationship between callous unemotional traits and costly helping on the AlAn’s game may be mediated in part by differences in Moral Elevation. The AlAn's game provides a standardized behavioral measure associated with callous unemotional traits. Adolescents with high levels of callous unemotional traits engage in fewer costly helping behaviors, and those differences may be related to blunting of positive emotional responses.