The importance of iodine nutrition during pregnancy
The importance of iodine nutrition during pregnancy
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DOI：
10.1017/s1368980007360886
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发表时间：
2007-12-01
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Glinoer, Daniel
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Glinoer, Daniel
目的：探讨孕期碘营养的重要性。设计：回顾妊娠期碘的现有文献。环境：人口调查和代谢研究。研究对象：孕妇。结果：与妊娠相关的甲状腺功能的主要变化是由于妊娠前三个月开始的激素需求增加。这种增加只能通过激素分泌的比例增加来满足，而激素分泌的比例增加直接取决于碘的供应。当膳食碘缺乏时，难以实现适当的生理适应，并逐渐被与缺碘程度和持续时间平行发生的病理改变所取代。结论：妊娠期妇女应系统地给予碘预防。在大多数涉及纠正缺碘症的公共卫生方案中，碘盐一直被用作向家庭提供碘的首选手段。然而，在怀孕、母乳喂养和补充喂养的特定情况下，碘盐不是提供碘的理想手段，因为在这些时期需要限制盐的摄入量。在欧洲国家，目前建议孕妇和哺乳期的母亲通过系统地服用含碘的复合维生素片来补充碘，以达到每日250毫克碘的推荐摄入量（-1）。
Objective: To examine the importance of iodine nutrition during pregnancy.Design: Review of existing literature of iodine in pregnancy.Setting: Population surveys and metabolic studies.Subjects: Pregnant women.Results: The main changes in thyroid function associated with pregnancy are due to an increase in hormone requirements that begin in the first trimester of gestation. This increase can only be met by a proportional increase in hormone production, something that depends directly upon the availability of iodine. When dietary iodine is lacking, an adequate physiological adaptation is difficult to achieve and is progressively replaced by pathological alterations that occur in parallel with the degree and duration of iodine deprivation.Conclusions: Iodine prophylaxis should be given systematically to women during pregnancy. In most public health programmes dealing with the correction of iodine deficiency disorders, iodised salt has been used as the preferred means to deliver iodine to households. iodised salt, however, is not the ideal means of delivering iodine in the specific instances of pregnancy, breast-feeding and complementary feeding because of the need to limit salt intake during these periods. In European countries, presently it is proposed that iodine is given to pregnant women and breast-feeding mothers by systematically administering multivitamin tablets containing iodine in order to reach the recommended dietary allowance of 250 mu g iodine day(-1).