Reward devaluation: Dot-probe meta-analytic evidence of avoidance of positive information in depressed persons.
Reward devaluation: Dot-probe meta-analytic evidence of avoidance of positive information in depressed persons.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1037/bul0000022
复制
发表时间：
2016-01
影响因子：
22.4
通讯作者：
Salem T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Winer ES;Salem T
抑郁和焦虑的认知理论传统上强调注意偏向在负面信息加工中的作用。点探测任务已被广泛用于研究这一现象。最近的研究结果表明，对积极信息的偏见处理也可能是发展精神病理学症状的一个重要方面。然而，尽管有证据表明有抑郁和焦虑症状的人可能会回避积极的信息，但许多点探针研究都没有发现任何结果。本综述使用传统的和新的元分析方法，以评估点探针注意力偏差远离积极的信息，并进行比较，对消极的信息，在抑郁和焦虑的个人。结果表明，避免积极的信息是一个真实的效果，表现出大量的证据价值的人经历的精神病理学，与个人的抑郁症的主要症状清楚地证明了这种效果。不同的理论解释，这些发现进行了评估，包括那些假定威胁处理结构，公平，自我调节，奖励贬值，与奖励贬值的新理论强调和扩展。这些新的发现和理论表明，避免预期奖励有助于解释抑郁状态的原因和可持续性。对未来的研究和方法的进展进行了讨论。
Cognitive theories of depression and anxiety have traditionally emphasized the role of attentional biases in the processing of negative information. The dot-probe task has been widely used to study this phenomenon. Recent findings suggest that biased processing of positive information might also be an important aspect of developing psychopathological symptoms. However, despite some evidence suggesting persons with symptoms of depression and anxiety may avoid positive information, many dot-probe studies have produced null findings. The present review used conventional and novel meta-analytic methods to evaluate dot-probe attentional biases away from positive information and, for comparison, toward negative information, in depressed and anxious individuals. Results indicated that avoidance of positive information is a real effect exhibiting substantial evidential value among persons experiencing psychopathology, with individuals evidencing primary symptoms of depression clearly demonstrating this effect. Different theoretical explanations for these findings are evaluated, including those positing threat-processing structures, even-handedness, self-regulation, and reward devaluation, with the novel theory of reward devaluation emphasized and expanded. These novel findings and theory suggest that avoidance of prospective reward helps to explain the cause and sustainability of depressed states. Suggestions for future research and methodological advances are discussed.