Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and UV filters in swimming pools and spas
Occurrence of pharmaceuticals and UV filters in swimming pools and spas
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DOI：
10.1007/s11356-016-6560-1
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
影响因子：
5.8
通讯作者：
Rodriguez-Roda, Ignasi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ekowati, Yuli;Buttiglieri, Gianluigi;Rodriguez-Roda, Ignasi
对游泳池和温泉中32种药物和14种紫外线过滤器的发生情况进行了研究。从西班牙加泰罗尼亚体育中心和酒店的17个游泳池中收集了51个水样。采用液相色谱-串联质谱法对样品进行分析。对水样中阿替洛尔、卡马西平、氢氯噻嗪、甲硝唑、氧氟沙星、磺胺甲恶唑、对乙酰氨基酚、布洛芬、酮洛芬、非那酮等药物进行了浓度高于定量限的检测。利尿剂氢氯噻嗪的浓度最高（904 ng/L）。最常检测到的药物是卡马西平，因为在所有测量的水样中有一半以上（53%,27/51）检测到卡马西平。水样中高于LOQ浓度的UV滤光剂有BP1、BP2、BP3、BP8、THB、4DHB、4MBC、OD-PABA、1HBT、MeBT和DMeBT。样品中检出的UV滤光剂浓度最高为4MBC (69.3 ng/L)，最常见的为1HBT（59%, 30/51）。结果还显示，药物和紫外线过滤器最常出现在水疗中心。最后，从水处理技术的角度来看，采用砂滤后次氯酸钠消毒的池中药物的发生率最低，而采用混凝、砂滤、紫外线和盐电解的池中紫外线过滤器的发生率最低。
The occurrence of 32 pharmaceuticals and 14 UV filters in swimming pools and spas was studied. Fifty-one water samples were collected from 17 pools located in sport centres and hotels in Catalonia, Spain. The samples were analysed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The pharmaceuticals atenolol, carbamazepine, hydrochlorothiazide, metronidazole, ofloxacin, sulfamethoxazole, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, ketoprofen and phenazone were measured in water samples at concentrations higher than their limit of quantification (LOQ). The highest concentration of any individual pharmaceutical was measured for the diuretic hydrochlorothiazide (904 ng/L). The most frequently detected pharmaceutical was carbamazepine, as it was observed in more than half of all the water samples measured (53 %, 27/51). The UV filters at concentrations higher than LOQ in water samples were BP1, BP2, BP3, BP8, THB, 4DHB, 4MBC, OD-PABA, 1HBT, MeBT and DMeBT. The highest concentration of UV filter observed was 4MBC (69.3 ng/L) while the most frequent UV filters in the samples were 1HBT (59 %, 30/51). The results also showed that pharmaceuticals and UV filters were most frequently found in spas. Finally, from a water treatment technology perspective, the lowest occurrence of pharmaceuticals was in the pools applying sand filters followed by disinfection by sodium hypochlorite, while the lowest occurrence of UV filters was in the pools applying coagulation, sand filtration, UV and salt electrolysis.