THE CONTROL OF HOMOLOGOUS LYSIS
THE CONTROL OF HOMOLOGOUS LYSIS
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DOI：
10.1016/0167-5699(91)90005-e
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发表时间：
1991-09-01
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影响因子：
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通讯作者：
LACHMANN, PJ
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文献类型：
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作者：
LACHMANN, PJ
补体激活释放出强大的效应机制，宿主细胞受到同源限制因子的保护。这些因子是糖脂锚定的膜蛋白，其诱导C3转化酶解离（例如衰变加速因子）或阻止膜攻击复合物的完全形成（例如同源限制因子和CD 59）。在这篇文章中，Peter Lachmann探讨了这些重要而有趣的分子的生物学和生物化学。在抗体包被的红细胞的补体溶解中，特定种类的补体溶解的红细胞种类存在一定程度的特异性。一个戏剧性的例子是马或牛补体不能溶解抗体包被的绵羊或牛红细胞，而来自两种来源的补体都能溶解豚鼠红细胞。因此，尽管这种特异性不是真正的自我-非自我区分，但给定物种的补体在裂解其自身细胞方面相对低效。最早的补体工作者已经知道这种现象，他们使用非溶解性“凝集”补体来测量补体反应1。术语“同源限制”现在用于这种现象。近年来，已经变得明显的是，许多现象有助于同源限制，以不同的方式和在补体活性的不同阶段起作用。
Complement activation unleashes powerful effector mechanisms against which host cells are protected by homologous restriction factors. These factors are glycolipid-anchored membrane proteins that either induce C3 convertase dissociation (for example decay-accelerating factor) or prevent the full development of the membrane attack complex (for example homologous restriction factor and CD59). In this article Peter Lachmann explores the biology and biochemistry of these important and intriguing molecules.In the complement lysis of antibody-coated red blood cells, a degree of specificity exists for the species of red blood cell lysed by a particular species of complement. A dramatic example of this is the failure of horse or ox complement to lyse antibody-coated sheep or ox red blood cells, whereas complement from both sources is lytic to guinea-pig red blood cells. Thus, although this specificity is not a genuine self-nonself discrimination, complement of a given species is relatively inefficient at lysing its own cells. This phenomenon was already known by the earliest complement workers who used nonlytic'agglutinating'complement to measure conglutination reactions 1. The term'homologous restriction'is now used for this phenomenon. In recent years, it has become apparent that a number of phenomena contribute to homologous restriction, acting in different ways and at various stages of complement activity.