Aerial Interyear Comparison and Quantification of Methane Emissions Persistence in the Bakken Formation of North Dakota, USA
Aerial Interyear Comparison and Quantification of Methane Emissions Persistence in the Bakken Formation of North Dakota, USA
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DOI：
10.1021/acs.est.8b01665
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发表时间：
2018-08-07
影响因子：
11.4
通讯作者：
Jackson, Robert B.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Englander, Jacob G.;Brandt, Adam R.;Jackson, Robert B.
利用直升机对北达科他州巴肯地层的碳氢化合物排放进行了红外光学气体成像（OGI）调查。在2014年9月对682个井场进行调查一年后，同一批直升机机组人员在2015年重新调查了353个井场，以检查排放的持续性。在相同的取样区块中增加了21个新生产井场。一架装有仪表的飞机也被用来量化由空中OGI确定的33个羽流的排放。2014年排放甲烷和乙烷的井场在2015年排放甲烷和乙烷的可能性远远高于偶然的预期;蒙特卡洛模拟表明，调查年份之间可检测排放量的随机分配存在>5 sigma偏差（p < 0.0001）。使用全流域渗漏估计按比例放大，飞机量化的排放量足以解释以前观察到的全流域甲烷和乙烷排放量。
We performed an infrared optical gas imaging (OGI) survey by helicopter of hydrocarbon emissions in the Bakken formation of North Dakota. One year after an earlier survey of 682 well pads in September of 2014, the same helicopter crew resurveyed 353 well pads in 2015 to examine the persistence of emissions. Twenty-one newly producing well pads were added in the same sampling blocks. An instrumented aircraft was also used to quantify emissions from 33 plumes identified by aerial OGI. Well pads emitting methane and ethane in 2014 were far more likely to be emitting in 2015 than would be expected by chance; Monte Carlo simulations suggest >5 sigma deviation (p < 0.0001) from random assignment of detectable emissions between survey years. Scaled up using basin-wide leakage estimates, the emissions quantified by aircraft are sufficient to explain previously observed basin-wide emissions of methane and ethane.