Male genital sclerites of Neuropterida:: an attempt at homologisation (Insecta: Holometabola)
Male genital sclerites of Neuropterida:: an attempt at homologisation (Insecta: Holometabola)
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DOI：
10.1078/s0044-5231(04)70071-6
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发表时间：
2002-05-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Aspöck, U
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Aspöck, U
以往对构成超纲神经翅目的蛇翅目、大翅目和神经翅目雄性生殖器硬膜的解释在“古老衍生与进化新颖性”的争论中出现了两极化。提出了通过淋球菌及其相应的柱头和淋球菌来破译同源性的论点。原始机械类（Archaeognatha）的结构为Raphidioptera的惊人相似的雄性生殖硬结的鉴定提供了基础。相对完整的蛇翅目第9节由锥虫、胸虫、大淋虫、柱头和性腺体组成，可作为蛇翅目第10节和第11节同源化和解释大翅目和神经翅目雄性生殖器巩膜的参考模型。现有的术语与同源性不一致，因此结构的名称将严格应用，并根据这里提出的假设重新定义。不会有新的名字。在大翅目和神经翅目中，大的第9阴囊被修饰成附属物样硬膜，而在某些神经翅目中，它们已经转移到生殖腔或被湮没。第9段的柱头已经独立消失了好几次。在一些raphididae（下瓣膜科）中，第9腺状体仍保持棒状，但在大翅目和大多数神经翅目中，第9腺状体是次要缺失的。第10节的硬晶在交配过程中发生了非常剧烈的变化（和湮没），第10节的辉石与第11节的辉石合并形成顶生外突。所有其他的巩膜都迁移到了生殖腔。第10个淋病孢子和第10个性腺孢子进化成一个关节结构，即参数。第10个gonocoites的柱头已经融合在一起形成一个中间的硬文石：中柱。第11胸骨岩是外壁的一部分，第11胸骨岩可能是一个微小的残余岩屑，即下岩屑。gonarcus被确定为第11个gonocoites， endoprocsus被定义为第11个gonapophysites， arcesus代表（融合）第10柱头。作为一种可能的神经翼类的自异形，在gon孔处的三叉戟巩膜的中间半柄仍然是一个谜。
Previous approaches to interpret male genital sclerites of Raphidioptera, Megaloptera and Neuroptera (constituting the superorder Neuropterida) have become polarized in the controversy between "archaic derivates and evolutionary novelties". Arguments for deciphering the homologies via the gonocoxites and their corresponding styli and gonapophyses are presented. Primitive machilid (Archaeognatha) structures provide the basis for identification of the amazingly similar male genital sclerites of Raphidioptera. The comparatively complete segment 9 of Raphidioptera, consisting of tergite, sternite, large gonocoxites, styli and gonapophyses, serves as a model of reference for homologising segments 10 and 11 in Raphidioptera and for interpreting male genital sclerites in Megaloptera and Neuroptera. Existing terminology is inconsistent with respect to homology, therefore names for structures will be applied strictly and redefined according to the hypotheses presented here. No new names will be introduced. The large 9th gonocoxites are modified to appendage-like sclerites in Megaloptera and Neuroptera, while in some Neuroptera they have shifted into the genital chamber or become obliterated. The styli of segment 9 have disappeared independently several times. The 9th gonapophyses have remained rod-like in some Raphidiidae (hypo-valva), but are secondarily absent in Megaloptera and most Neuroptera. Sclerites of segment 10 underwent very dramatic changes (and obliterations) with respect to copulation, and the 10th tergite has become amalgamated with tergite 11 to form the terminal ectoproct. All other sclerites have migrated into the genital chamber. The 10th gonocoxites and the 10th gonapophyses evolved into a joint structure, the parameres. The styli of the 10th gonocoxites have fused together to form a median sclerite: the mediuncus. The 11th tergite is part of the ectoproct, the 11th sternite may be present as a tiny relic sclerite, the subanale. The gonarcus is identified as the 11th gonocoxites, the entoprocessus is defined as the 11th gonapophyses, the arcessus represents the (fused) 10th styli. The hypandrium inter-num, a trident sclerite at the gonopore remains enigmatic as a possible autapomorphy of the Neuropterida.