Epilepsy and Autism
Epilepsy and Autism
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DOI：
10.1101/cshperspect.a022749
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发表时间：
2016-04-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Holmes, Gregory L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buckley, Ashura W.;Holmes, Gregory L.
癫痫和自闭症谱系障碍经常在同一个体中共存。与正常发育的儿童相比，自闭症儿童的脑电图（EEG）癫痫样活动的发生率也要高得多。与癫痫一样，有许多遗传和环境因素可导致自闭症谱系障碍。从动物和临床研究中，越来越多的人认为自闭症是一种异常连接障碍。通过功能性磁共振成像（MRI）和脑电图（EEG）的测量，自闭症谱系障碍患者的大脑可能是连接不足或连接过度，也可能是连接过度和连接不足的混合。在癫痫和自闭症共病的情况下，大脑特定区域的兴奋性/抑制性（E/I）比例的不平衡可能会导致过度连接。理解伴随癫痫和自闭症谱系障碍个体的连接改变导致自闭症谱系障碍特定行为的机制仍然是一个挑战。
Epilepsy and autistic spectrum disorder frequently coexist in the same individual. Electroencephalogram (EEG) epileptiform activity is also present at a substantially higher rate in children with autism than normally developing children. As with epilepsy, there are a multitude of genetic and environmental factors that can result in autistic spectrum disorder. There is growing consensus from both animal and clinical studies that autism is a disorder of aberrant connectivity. As measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and EEG, the brain in autistic spectrum disorder may be under-or overconnected or have a mixture of over- and underconnectivity. In the case of comorbid epilepsy and autism, an imbalance of the excitatory/inhibitory (E/I) ratio in selected regions of the brain may drive overconnectivity. Understanding the mechanism by which altered connectivity in individuals with comorbid epilepsy and autistic spectrum disorder results in the behaviors specific to the autistic spectrum disorder remains a challenge.