Heavy-tailed distributions, correlations, kurtosis and Taylor’s Law of fluctuation scaling

Heavy-tailed distributions, correlations, kurtosis and Taylor’s Law of fluctuation scaling
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重尾分布、相关性、峰度和泰勒波动尺度定律

DOI:
10.1098/rspa.2020.0610
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发表时间:
2020
期刊:
Physical and Engineering Sciences
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
Samorodnitsky, Gennady
Samorodnitsky, Gennady
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Cohen, Joel E.;Davis, Richard A.;Samorodnitsky, Gennady

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Pillai &孟2016;Stat.44, 2089 - 2097;P. 2091)推测“[随机变量,rvs]之间的相关性可以被它们边缘尾部的重量所压倒”。我们给出了支持这种推测的统计模型的例子。虽然在自然条件下,正则变(RV) rvs的样本相关性收敛到一般随机极限,但当rvs是任意(但不完全)正相关或负相关正态正态的幂的倒数时,该极限为零。令人惊讶的是,这些RV的样本相关性乘以样本量在负半线上有一个极限分布。我们表明,对于RV RV的泰勒定律(幂律方差函数)的渐近缩放,直到一个常数,对于独立和同分布的观测值与任意(但不完全)正相关正态的幂的倒数相同,无论这些幂是相同还是不同。相关性和异质性不影响渐近标度。我们对重尾数据的样本峰度进行了类似的分析。我们证明了在具有重尾预测器和噪声的线性模型中,斜率的最小二乘估计比具有有限方差的线性模型意外地收敛得快得多。
Pillai & Meng (Pillai & Meng 2016Ann. Stat.44, 2089–2097; p. 2091) speculated that ‘the dependence among [random variables, rvs] can be overwhelmed by the heaviness of their marginal tails ·· ·’. We give examples of statistical models that support this speculation. While under natural conditions the sample correlation of regularly varying (RV) rvs converges to a generally random limit, this limit is zero when the rvs are the reciprocals of powers greater than one of arbitrarily (but imperfectly) positively or negatively correlated normals. Surprisingly, the sample correlation of these RV rvs multiplied by the sample size has a limiting distribution on the negative half-line. We show that the asymptotic scaling of Taylor’s Law (a power-law variance function) for RV rvs is, up to a constant, the same for independent and identically distributed observations as for reciprocals of powers greater than one of arbitrarily (but imperfectly) positively correlated normals, whether those powers are the same or different. The correlations and heterogeneity do not affect the asymptotic scaling. We analyse the sample kurtosis of heavy-tailed data similarly. We show that the least-squares estimator of the slope in a linear model with heavy-tailed predictor and noise unexpectedly converges much faster than when they have finite variances.
移动平均线样本相关函数的极限理论
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