Review of the National Ignition Campaign 2009-2012
Review of the National Ignition Campaign 2009-2012
复制标题
DOI：
10.1063/1.4865400
复制
发表时间：
2014-02-01
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
Baxamusa, S. H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lindl, John;Landen, Otto;Baxamusa, S. H.
国家点火运动（National Ignition Campaign，NIC）是在2009年国家点火设施（National Ignition Facility，NIF）完成之前，于2005年在美国能源部国家核安全管理局（National Nuclear Security Administration of DOE）下建立的一项多机构努力。NIC的范围是计划、准备和执行前3年的点火实验（到2012年9月底），以及点火所需的各种能力的开发、部署、鉴定和集成。除了操作和优化NIF的使用外，这些能力还包括50多个光学，X射线和核诊断系统，目标制造设施，实验平台和广泛的NIF设施基础设施。在NIF上进行点火实验的目标是首次在实验室中通过惯性约束聚变实现点火和热核燃烧，并为NIF上的点火和高能量密度应用开发平台。NIC的目标是开发和集成精确点火活动所需的所有能力，如果可能的话，在2012财年末演示点火和增益。实现点火的目标可以分为三个主要挑战。第一个挑战是定义目标，激光和诊断的规格，并理解并非所有的点火物理都是完全理解的，并非所有的材料特性都是已知的。第二个挑战是设计实验来系统地消除这些不确定性。第三个挑战是将这些实验结果转化为旨在确定实验内爆相对于预期和要求的表现如何的指标，并将这些指标推向点火所需的条件。本文件概述了为应对这些挑战而采取的办法，以及沿着取得的进展和仍然存在的挑战。在2009年项目完成时，国家点火实验室几乎缺乏点火实验所需的所有诊断和基础设施。在这次审查所涵盖的3年期间，约有一半的时间用于安装点火实验所需的设备和实验平台并对其性能进行鉴定。点燃NIF是一项巨大的挑战，这里展示的结果代表了通往这一目标的道路上的一个快照。本综述最后提出的前进道路总结了2012年底通过的NIF点火运动计划，以及自NIC结束以来取得的一些关键成果。(C)2014 AIP Publishing LLC.
The National Ignition Campaign (NIC) was a multi-institution effort established under the National Nuclear Security Administration of DOE in 2005, prior to the completion of the National Ignition Facility (NIF) in 2009. The scope of the NIC was the planning and preparation for and the execution of the first 3 yr of ignition experiments (through the end of September 2012) as well as the development, fielding, qualification, and integration of the wide range of capabilities required for ignition. Besides the operation and optimization of the use of NIF, these capabilities included over 50 optical, x-ray, and nuclear diagnostic systems, target fabrication facilities, experimental platforms, and a wide range of NIF facility infrastructure. The goal of ignition experiments on the NIF is to achieve, for the first time, ignition and thermonuclear burn in the laboratory via inertial confinement fusion and to develop a platform for ignition and high energy density applications on the NIF. The goal of the NIC was to develop and integrate all of the capabilities required for a precision ignition campaign and, if possible, to demonstrate ignition and gain by the end of FY12. The goal of achieving ignition can be divided into three main challenges. The first challenge is defining specifications for the target, laser, and diagnostics with the understanding that not all ignition physics is fully understood and not all material properties are known. The second challenge is designing experiments to systematically remove these uncertainties. The third challenge is translating these experimental results into metrics designed to determine how well the experimental implosions have performed relative to expectations and requirements and to advance those metrics toward the conditions required for ignition. This paper summarizes the approach taken to address these challenges, along with the progress achieved to date and the challenges that remain. At project completion in 2009, NIF lacked almost all the diagnostics and infrastructure required for ignition experiments. About half of the 3 yr period covered in this review was taken up by the effort required to install and performance qualify the equipment and experimental platforms needed for ignition experiments. Ignition on the NIF is a grand challenge undertaking and the results presented here represent a snapshot in time on the path toward that goal. The path forward presented at the end of this review summarizes plans for the Ignition Campaign on the NIF, which were adopted at the end of 2012, as well as some of the key results obtained since the end of the NIC. (C) 2014 AIP Publishing LLC.