Baby care products: Possible sources of infant phthalate exposure
Baby care products: Possible sources of infant phthalate exposure
复制标题
DOI：
10.1542/peds.2006-3766
复制
发表时间：
2008-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Swan, Shanna H.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sathyanarayana, Sheela;Karr, Catherine J.;Swan, Shanna H.
目标.邻苯二甲酸酯是一种人造化学物质，存在于个人护理和其他产品中。最近的研究表明，一些邻苯二甲酸酯可以改变人类男性生殖发育，但婴儿暴露的来源还没有得到很好的表征。我们调查了婴儿尿液中邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物浓度与母亲报告使用皮肤应用的婴儿护理产品之间的关系。我们测量了2000-2005年出生的163名婴儿的9种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物。婴儿被认为暴露于母亲报告在尿液采集后24小时内对其婴儿使用的任何婴儿护理产品。多元线性回归分析的结果报告为暴露和未暴露婴儿的代谢物浓度比（95%置信区间）。我们通过形成z分数来标准化浓度，并检查多种代谢物的联合暴露。在大多数（81%）婴儿中，>= 7种邻苯二甲酸酯代谢物高于检测限。暴露于洗剂可预测邻苯二甲酸单乙酯和邻苯二甲酸单甲酯浓度、邻苯二甲酸单异丁酯粉末和邻苯二甲酸单甲酯洗发水。Z分数随着使用的产品数量而增加。大多数相关性在年龄较小的婴儿中更强。邻苯二甲酸酯暴露在婴儿中是广泛和可变的。婴儿暴露于洗剂，粉末和洗发水显着相关的尿中邻苯二甲酸单乙酯，邻苯二甲酸单甲酯，邻苯二甲酸单异丁酯的浓度增加，并与使用的产品数量增加的协会。这种相关性在幼儿中最强，由于其代谢系统能力不成熟，单位体表面积的剂量增加，他们可能更容易受到邻苯二甲酸酯的发育和生殖毒性的影响。
OBJECTIVES. Phthalates are man-made chemicals found in personal care and other products. Recent studies suggest that some phthalates can alter human male reproductive development, but sources of infant exposure have not been well characterized. We investigated the relationship between phthalate metabolite concentrations in infant urine and maternal reported use of dermally applied infant care products.METHODS. We measured 9 phthalate metabolites in 163 infants who were born in 2000-2005. An infant was considered to have been exposed to any infant care product that the mother reported using on her infant within 24 hours of urine collection. Results of multiple linear regression analyses are reported as the ratio of metabolite concentrations (with 95% confidence intervals) in exposed and unexposed infants. We standardized concentrations by forming z scores and examined combined exposure to multiple metabolites.RESULTS. In most (81%) infants, >= 7 phthalate metabolites were above the limit of detection. Exposure to lotion was predictive of monoethyl phthalate and monomethyl phthalate concentrations, powder of monoisobutyl phthalate, and shampoo of monomethyl phthalate. Z scores increased with number of products used. Most associations were stronger in younger infants.CONCLUSIONS. Phthalate exposure is widespread and variable in infants. Infant exposure to lotion, powder, and shampoo were significantly associated with increased urinary concentrations of monoethyl phthalate, monomethyl phthalate, and monoisobutyl phthalate, and associations increased with the number of products used. This association was strongest in young infants, who may be more vulnerable to developmental and reproductive toxicity of phthalates given their immature metabolic system capability and increased dosage per unit body surface area.