Patterns of eye movements when male and female observers judge female attractiveness, body fat and waist-to-hip ratio
Patterns of eye movements when male and female observers judge female attractiveness, body fat and waist-to-hip ratio
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DOI：
10.1016/j.evolhumbehav.2009.04.003
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发表时间：
2009-11-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Tovee, Martin J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cornelissen, Piers L.;Hancock, Peter J. B.;Tovee, Martin J.
对女性身体吸引力的感知线索的行为研究提出了两个潜在的重要特征：体脂分布[腰臀比（WHR）]和全身脂肪[通常通过体重指数（BMI）估计]。然而，这些研究都没有直接告诉我们刺激图像的哪些区域会影响观察者的判断。因此，我们记录了三组10名男性观察员和三组10名女性观察员的眼球运动，当他们对一组46张女性身体照片进行评级时。第一组观察者对图片的吸引力进行评级，第二组对身体脂肪进行评级，第三组对WHR进行评级。如果腰臀比和/或体脂被用来判断吸引力，那么观察者评估吸引力应该看那些允许评估这些特征的身体区域，当他们被直接要求估计腰臀比和体脂时，他们应该看相同的区域。因此，我们能够比较外显判断和吸引力判断的注视模式，并推断哪些特征用于吸引力。在对眼动数据进行分组分析之前，将单个眼睛注视的位置转换到一个共同的参考空间中，以允许在高分辨率下对所有刺激进行注视密度的比较。这种操作使我们能够使用空间统计分析技术来显示以下内容：（1）观察者对吸引力和体脂的注视集中在中央和上腹部和胸部，而不是骨盆或臀部区域，这与WHR对吸引力判断的影响很小的发现一致。(2)吸引力等级的固定模式与体脂判断的固定模式非常相似。(3)对腰臀比的注视与对吸引力和体脂的注视有显著差异。(C)2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.
Behavioural studies of the perceptual cues for female physical attractiveness have suggested two potentially important features: body fat distribution [the waist-to-hip ratio (WHR)] and over-all body fat [often estimated by the body mass index (BMI)]. However, none of these studies tell us directly which regions of the stimulus images inform observers' judgments. Therefore, we recorded the eye movements of three groups of 10 male observers and three groups of 10 female observers, when they rated a set of 46 photographs of female bodies. The first sets of observers rated the images for attractiveness, the second sets rated for body fat and the third sets for WHR. If either WHR and/or body fat is used to judge attractiveness, then observers rating attractiveness should look at those areas of the body which allow assessment of these features, and they should look in the same areas when they are directly asked to estimate WHR and body fat. So we are able to compare the fixation patterns for the explicit judgments with those for attractiveness judgments and infer which features were used for attractiveness. Prior to group analysis of the eye-movement data, the locations of individual eye fixations were transformed into a common reference space to permit comparisons of fixation density at high resolution across all stimuli. This manipulation allowed us to use spatial statistical analysis techniques to show the following: (1) Observers' fixations for attractiveness and body fat clustered in the central and upper abdomen and chest, but not the pelvic or hip areas, consistent with the finding that WHR had little influence over attractiveness judgments. (2) The pattern of fixations for attractiveness ratings was very similar to the fixation patterns for body fat judgments. (3) The fixations for WHR ratings were significantly different from those for attractiveness and body fat. (C) 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.