Role of the chronic air pollution levels in the Covid-19 outbreak risk in Italy
Role of the chronic air pollution levels in the Covid-19 outbreak risk in Italy
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DOI：
10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114732
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发表时间：
2020-09-01
影响因子：
8.9
通讯作者：
Regoli, Francesco
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fattorini, Daniele;Regoli, Francesco
在中国首次爆发后，SARS-CoV-2在意大利的传播呈现出明显的区域趋势，北方地区病例的频率和严重程度更高。在可能涉及这种地理差异的多种因素中，有人假设大气污染起了一定作用。我们提供了额外的证据，空气质量的可能影响，特别是在意大利地区的传播病毒感染的长期暴露。我们从意大利和欧洲机构获得了意大利各省2019冠状病毒病疫情的实际数据和相应的长期空气质量评估，并对可能的相互作用进行了详细阐述和测试。我们的阐述表明，除了浓度，暴露的长期性可能会影响意大利SARS-CoV-2的异常变异。过去4年中意大利各地区大气污染物（NO2、O-3、PM2.5和PM10）分布数据、超过监管限值的天数以及过去十年（2010-2019年）中超过限值至少35天的年份，突出表明北方意大利一直暴露在慢性空气污染中。长期空气质量数据与多达71个意大利省份的新冠肺炎病例显著相关（2020年4月27日更新），进一步证明长期暴露于大气污染可能是病毒传播的有利环境。促炎反应和呼吸和心脏疾病的高发病率是众所周知的，而这种冠状病毒结合颗粒物质的能力仍有待确定。应将大气和环境污染视为可持续发展、人类健康保护和预防流行病蔓延的综合办法的一部分，但应从长期和慢性的角度考虑，因为在病毒爆发期间采取缓解行动可能效用有限。(C)2020爱思唯尔有限公司版权所有。
After the initial outbreak in China, the diffusion in Italy of SARS-CoV-2 is exhibiting a clear regional trend with more elevated frequency and severity of cases in Northern areas. Among multiple factors possibly involved in such geographical differences, a role has been hypothesized for atmospheric pollution. We provide additional evidence on the possible influence of air quality, particularly in terms of chronicity of exposure on the spread viral infection in Italian regions. Actual data on Covid-19 outbreak in Italian provinces and corresponding long-term air quality evaluations, were obtained from Italian and European agencies, elaborated and tested for possible interactions. Our elaborations reveal that, beside concentrations, the chronicity of exposure may influence the anomalous variability of SARS-CoV-2 in Italy. Data on distribution of atmospheric pollutants (NO2, O-3, PM2.5 and PM10) in Italian regions during the last 4 years, days exceeding regulatory limits, and years of the last decade (2010-2019) in which the limits have been exceeded for at least 35 days, highlight that Northern Italy has been constantly exposed to chronic air pollution. Long-term air-quality data significantly correlated with cases of Covid-19 in up to 71 Italian provinces (updated April 27, 2020) providing further evidence that chronic exposure to atmospheric contamination may represent a favourable context for the spread of the virus. Proinflammatory responses and high incidence of respiratory and cardiac affections are well known, while the capability of this coronavirus to bind particulate matters remains to be established. Atmospheric and environmental pollution should be considered as part of an integrated approach for sustainable development, human health protection and prevention of epidemic spreads but in a long-term and chronic perspective, since adoption of mitigation actions during a viral outbreak could be of limited utility. (C) 2020 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.