Learning proper nouns and common nouns without clues from syntax.
Learning proper nouns and common nouns without clues from syntax.
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在没有语法线索的情况下学习专有名词和普通名词。
DOI：
10.1111/1467-8624.00315
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发表时间：
2001
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Etsuko Haryu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Imai;Etsuko Haryu
在英语词汇学习过程中，名词被认为扮演着重要的角色;它区分了个体（被编码为专有名词）、非个体（被编码为物质名词）和个体类（被编码为计数名词）之间的基本概念差异。日语没有语法标记来区分计数名词和物质名词、专有名词和普通名词、单数和复数。日本2岁和4岁的孩子如何分配与熟悉和不熟悉的动物和无生命物体相关的新名词的意义在这里报道的研究中进行了研究。当一个新的标签被赋予一个不熟悉的对象，儿童认为这是一个基本层次的对象类别的名称，无论是动物或无生命的对象。如果命名的对象已经有了一个确定的名称，并且如果对象是一个无生命的对象，孩子们将名词映射到一个从属类别。然而，当命名的对象是动物时，他们倾向于将标签解释为专有名称。这些结果表明，在缺乏有用的信息，从句法，2岁的日本儿童能够快速映射一个名词，它的意思优雅地协调单词学习的偏见和其他可用的信息来源。
Syntax has been noted to play an important role in word learning in English; it distinguishes the fundamental conceptual difference between individuals (coded as proper nouns), nonindividuals (coded as mass nouns), and classes of individuals (coded as count nouns). The Japanese language does not have grammatical markers flagging the distinctions between count nouns and mass nouns, between proper nouns and common nouns, or between singulars and plurals. How Japanese 2- and 4-year-olds assign meaning to novel nouns associated with familiar and unfamiliar animals and inanimate objects was studied in the research reported here. When a novel label was given to an unfamiliar object, children assumed it to be a name for a basic-level object category whether the referent was an animal or an inanimate object. If the named object already had an established name, and if the object was an inanimate object, the children mapped the noun to a subordinate category. When the named object was an animal, however, they tended to interpret the label as a proper name. These results demonstrated that in the absence of useful information from syntax, 2-year-old Japanese children are able to fast map a noun to its meaning by elegantly coordinating word-learning biases and other available sources of information.