High Lipid Induction in Microalgae for Biodiesel Production
High Lipid Induction in Microalgae for Biodiesel Production
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DOI：
10.3390/en5051532
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发表时间：
2012-05-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.2
通讯作者：
Schenk, Peer M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Sharma, Kalpesh K.;Schuhmann, Holger;Schenk, Peer M.
聚油微藻有潜力实现大规模生物柴油生产，而无需竞争耕地或生物多样性的自然景观。快速生长的优势藻类的高脂质生产率是商业化生产微藻油衍生生物柴油的主要先决条件。然而，在最佳生长条件下，会产生大量藻类生物质，但脂质含量相对较低，而脂质含量高的物种通常生长缓慢。该领域的重大进展可以通过诱导脂质生物合成来取得，例如通过环境压力。三酰甘油形式的脂质通常在细胞中提供储存功能，使微藻能够忍受不利的环境条件。本质上，藻类生物质和三酰甘油酯竞争光合同化物，并且需要重新编程生理途径来刺激脂质生物合成。已经进行了广泛的研究来识别和开发微藻中有效的脂质诱导技术，例如营养胁迫（例如氮和/或磷饥饿）、渗透胁迫、辐射、pH、温度、重金属和其他化学物质。此外，目前正在开发几种增加三酰甘油产量和诱导性的遗传策略。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了微藻中脂质诱导技术的潜力及其在生物柴油生产的商业规模上的应用。
Oil-accumulating microalgae have the potential to enable large-scale biodiesel production without competing for arable land or biodiverse natural landscapes. High lipid productivity of dominant, fast-growing algae is a major prerequisite for commercial production of microalgal oil-derived biodiesel. However, under optimal growth conditions, large amounts of algal biomass are produced, but with relatively low lipid contents, while species with high lipid contents are typically slow growing. Major advances in this area can be made through the induction of lipid biosynthesis, e.g., by environmental stresses. Lipids, in the form of triacylglycerides typically provide a storage function in the cell that enables microalgae to endure adverse environmental conditions. Essentially algal biomass and triacylglycerides compete for photosynthetic assimilate and a reprogramming of physiological pathways is required to stimulate lipid biosynthesis. There has been a wide range of studies carried out to identify and develop efficient lipid induction techniques in microalgae such as nutrients stress (e.g., nitrogen and/or phosphorus starvation), osmotic stress, radiation, pH, temperature, heavy metals and other chemicals. In addition, several genetic strategies for increased triacylglycerides production and inducibility are currently being developed. In this review, we discuss the potential of lipid induction techniques in microalgae and also their application at commercial scale for the production of biodiesel.