Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination.
Potentiating Lung Mucosal Immunity Through Intranasal Vaccination.
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DOI：
10.3389/fimmu.2021.808527
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发表时间：
2021
影响因子：
7.3
通讯作者：
Sant AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Nelson SA;Sant AJ
每年接种流感疫苗是我们控制流感病毒传播的最佳工具。然而，实用因素和免疫学因素有时都会导致疫苗效果不佳。在该领域内对改进甚至通用流感疫苗的呼吁导致了临床前和临床候选疫苗的开发，旨在解决当前流感疫苗方法的局限性。在这里，我们认为免疫途径是诱导组织驻留记忆(Trm)群体的关键因素，而组织驻留记忆(Trm)群体不是目前获得许可的肌肉内疫苗的目标。鼻腔接种有可能增加组织中驻留在上呼吸道和下呼吸道特定缝隙内的B和T细胞数量。在这些利基中，Trm细胞由于其解剖定位和快速传递抗病原体效应器功能的性质，准备对病原体再次遇到做出快速反应。上呼吸道和下呼吸道粘膜免疫的独特特征表明，定位于这些区域的抗原是在这些部位激发保护性B细胞和T细胞免疫所必需的，并将被视为合理设计的鼻腔疫苗的重要属性。最后，我们讨论了肺粘膜免疫领域中存在的突出问题和未来研究的领域。
Yearly administration of influenza vaccines is our best available tool for controlling influenza virus spread. However, both practical and immunological factors sometimes result in sub-optimal vaccine efficacy. The call for improved, or even universal, influenza vaccines within the field has led to development of pre-clinical and clinical vaccine candidates that aim to address limitations of current influenza vaccine approaches. Here, we consider the route of immunization as a critical factor in eliciting tissue resident memory (Trm) populations that are not a target of current licensed intramuscular vaccines. Intranasal vaccination has the potential to boost tissue resident B and T cell populations that reside within specific niches of the upper and lower respiratory tract. Within these niches, Trm cells are poised to respond rapidly to pathogen re-encounter by nature of their anatomic localization and their ability to rapidly deliver anti-pathogen effector functions. Unique features of mucosal immunity in the upper and lower respiratory tracts suggest that antigen localized to these regions is required for the elicitation of protective B and T cell immunity at these sites and will need to be considered as an important attribute of a rationally designed intranasal vaccine. Finally, we discuss outstanding questions and areas of future inquiry in the field of lung mucosal immunity.