Deep‐slab fluids fuel extremophilic Archaea on a Mariana forearc serpentinite mud volcano: Ocean Drilling Program Leg 195
Deep‐slab fluids fuel extremophilic Archaea on a Mariana forearc serpentinite mud volcano: Ocean Drilling Program Leg 195
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DOI：
10.1029/2003gc000588
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发表时间：
2003-11
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
M. Mottl;S. Komor;P. Fryer;C. Moyer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
M. Mottl;S. Komor;P. Fryer;C. Moyer
当太平洋板块俯冲到马里亚纳弧前时，它释放出水，水合上覆的地幔楔，将其转化为蛇纹岩，突出在海底形成泥火山。过量的水通过这些泥火山上升，并在山顶以冷泉的形式排出。通过在其中两个海山上进行钻探，确定了这种源自深板的水的成分。它的 pH 值为 12.5，相对于海水，富含硫酸盐、碱度、Na/Cl、K、Rb、B、轻质烃、氨、18O 和氘，并缺乏氯化物、Mg、Ca、Sr、Li、Si、磷酸盐和 87Sr。在南查莫罗海山海底以下 20 m 处，有一个在 pH 12.5 下运行的微生物群落（主要由古细菌组成），正在将上升流体中的甲烷氧化为碳酸根离子和有机碳，同时将硫酸盐还原为二硫化物，并可能将溶解的氮还原为氨。
As the Pacific plate subducts beneath the Mariana forearc it releases water that hydrates the overlying mantle wedge, converting it to serpentinite that protrudes to form mud volcanoes at the seafloor. Excess H2O ascends through these mud volcanoes and exits as cold springs at their summits. The composition of this deep‐slab derived water has been determined by drilling on two of these seamounts. It has a pH of 12.5 and, relative to seawater, is enriched in sulfate, alkalinity, Na/Cl, K, Rb, B, light hydrocarbons, ammonia, 18O, and deuterium, and depleted in chloride, Mg, Ca, Sr, Li, Si, phosphate, and 87Sr. Within the upper 20 m below seafloor at South Chamorro Seamount a microbial community operating at pH 12.5, made up overwhelmingly of Archaea, is oxidizing methane from the ascending fluid to carbonate ion and organic carbon, while reducing sulfate to bisulfide and probably dissolved nitrogen to ammonia.