EFFECTS OF THE ABILITY TO LOCOMOTE ON INFANTS SOCIAL AND EXPLORATORY BEHAVIORS - AN EXPERIMENTAL-STUDY
EFFECTS OF THE ABILITY TO LOCOMOTE ON INFANTS SOCIAL AND EXPLORATORY BEHAVIORS - AN EXPERIMENTAL-STUDY
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DOI：
10.1037/0012-1649.20.3.397
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发表时间：
1984-01-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
GUSTAFSON, GE
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GUSTAFSON, GE
本研究采用两个实验来检验婴儿的活动能力对其社会行为和探索行为的影响。第一项研究的参与者是20名年龄在6 1/2和10个月之间的正常婴儿。这些婴儿都不能独立行走。在标准实验室环境中，在婴儿步行者中观察10分钟，在步行者外观察10分钟。第二项研究比较了步行者辅助运动与独立运动的效果。 参与者是另外16名婴儿，他们都能爬行或爬行。年龄参数与第1个样本的年龄参数非常相似。显然，两种运动模式，步行辅助或独立，在标准环境中提供了类似的体验，但与非步行婴儿的体验截然不同。有些行为实际上是作为记忆能力的函数出现的;有些行为的频率发生了变化;还有一些行为被扩展到了环境的新特征。从其他研究中得知，所有测量的行为都会影响成年人对婴儿的行为。这些行为的改变应该会导致婴儿社会经验的改变。作为运动的结果，社会和非社会经验的系统重组对社会发展以及知觉、认知和语言发展都有影响。
Two experiments were conducted to test effects of infants'' ability to locomote on their social and exploratory behaviors. Participants in the 1st study were 20 normal infants between the ages of 6 1/2 and 10 mo. None of these infants was able to locomote independently. Each was observed, in a standard laboratory environment, for 10 min in an infant walker and for 10 min out of the walker. The 2nd study compared effects of walker-assisted locomotion with effects of independent locomotion. Participants were 16 additional infants, all able to creep or crawl. Age parameters were closely similar to those of the 1st sample. Evidently, the 2 modes of locomotion, walker-assisted or independent, afforded similar experiences within a standard environment, but experiences quite different from those of the nonlocomoting infant. Some behaviors actually emerged as a function of the ability to locomote; others changed in frequency; and still others were extended to new features of the environment. All classes of behaviors measured were known from other studies to affect adults'' behavior toward infants. Changes in these behaviors should lead to changes in infants'' social experiences. The systematic reorganization of experiences, both social and nonsocial, as a result of locomotion has implications for social development and for perceptual, cognitive and language development as well.