Natural Product Molecular Fossils.
Natural Product Molecular Fossils.
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DOI：
10.1007/978-3-319-45618-8_1
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发表时间：
2017
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
H. Falk;K. Wolkenstein
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
H. Falk;K. Wolkenstein
很久以前生活的生物体合成的天然产物产生了它们的分子化石。这些可以由原始的未改变的化合物组成，或者它们可以经历外围转化，其中它们的骨架保持完整。当分子化石可以追溯到它们的有机质来源时，它们被称为“地质生物标志物”。这篇文章描述了非极性和极性分子化石，特别是生物标志物，沿着有机化学教科书中通常遵循的路线，并指出它们的生物前体。因此，非极性化合物分为直链和支链烷烃，然后是脂环族化合物和芳族和杂环分子，特别是地卟啉。极性分子化石包含醚、醇、酚、羰基、类黄酮、醌和酸作为功能基团或组成单元，或者是干酪根、琥珀、黑色素、蛋白质或核酸等聚合物。最后一节讨论了所使用的方法和所描述的生物分子遇到的基本过程，包括成岩作用，后生作用和后生作用。
The natural products synthesized by organisms that were living a long time ago gave rise to their molecular fossils. These can consist of either the original unchanged compounds or they may undergo peripheral transformations in which their skeletons remain intact. In cases when molecular fossils can be traced to their organismic source, they are termed “geological biomarkers”.This contribution describes apolar and polar molecular fossils and, in particular biomarkers, along the lines usually followed in organic chemistry textbooks, and points to their bioprecursors when available. Thus, the apolar compounds are divided in linear and branched alkanes followed by alicyclic compounds and aromatic and heterocyclic molecules, and, in particular, the geoporphyrins. The polar molecular fossils contain as functional groups or constituent units ethers, alcohols, phenols, carbonyl groups, flavonoids, quinones, and acids, or are polymers like kerogen, amber, melanin, proteins, or nucleic acids. The final sections discuss the methodology used and the fundamental processes encountered by the biomolecules described, including diagenesis, catagenesis, and metagenesis.