Transmission ecosystems of Echinococcus multilocularis in China and Central Asia.
Transmission ecosystems of Echinococcus multilocularis in China and Central Asia.
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DOI：
10.1017/s0031182013000644
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发表时间：
2013-11
期刊：
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Craig PS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Giraudoux P;Raoul F;Afonso E;Ziadinov I;Yang Y;Li L;Li T;Quéré JP;Feng X;Wang Q;Wen H;Ito A;Craig PS
从大陆到区域尺度，人兽共患病泡型包虫病（由多房棘球绦虫引起）形成了离散的流行区域，在这些区域内可能出现患病率高得多的传播热点。自20世纪80年代末以来，在亚洲大陆（主要在中国）已经确定了许多热点地区，其中中间宿主群落的生态已得到描述。甘肃南部（青藏高原东部边缘）、宁夏南部、新疆西天山以及吉尔吉斯斯坦南部的阿赖山谷就是这种情况。在此，我们介绍了传播生态系统或生态景观的比较自然史和特征。在此基础上，在一个总体框架内提出了区域传播类型及其生态特征。结合气候、土地覆盖和中间宿主物种分布数据，我们确定并绘制了4种空间上不同的传播生态系统类型，其特征是存在以下一种小型哺乳动物“旗舰”物种：鼹形田鼠、高原鼠兔、布氏田鼠或甘肃鼢鼠。每种传播生态系统都有其自身的特征，可作为进一步深入研究多房棘球绦虫传播生态学的参考。这种方法可在精细的空间尺度上用于描述欧亚大流行区其他鲜为人知的传播系统，并有助于考虑监测系统和干预措施。
From continental to regional scales, the zoonosis alveolar echinococcosis (AE) (caused by Echinococcus multilocularis) forms discrete patches of endemicity within which transmission hotspots of much larger prevalence may occur. Since the late 80s, a number of hotspots have been identified in continental Asia, mostly in China, wherein the ecology of intermediate host communities has been described. This is the case in south Gansu, at the eastern border of the Tibetan plateau, in south Ningxia, in the western Tian Shan of Xinjiang, and in the Alay valley of south Kyrgyzstan. Here we present a comparative natural history and characteristics of transmission ecosystems or ecoscapes. On this basis, regional types of transmission and their ecological characteristics have been proposed in a general framework. Combining climatic, land cover and intermediate host species distribution data, we identified and mapped 4 spatially distinct types of transmission ecosystems typified by the presence of one of the following small mammal ‘flagship’ species: Ellobius tancrei, Ochotona curzoniae, Lasiopodomys brandtii or Eospalax fontanierii. Each transmission ecosystem had its own characteristics which can serve as a reference for further in-depth research in the transmission ecology of E. multilocularis. This approach may be used at fine spatial scales to characterize other poorly known transmission systems of the large Eurasian endemic zone, and help in consideration of surveillance systems and interventions.