Consumer protection in drug policy: The human rights case for safe supply as an element of harm reduction
Consumer protection in drug policy: The human rights case for safe supply as an element of harm reduction
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DOI：
10.1016/j.drugpo.2020.102976
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发表时间：
2021-05-21
影响因子：
4.4
通讯作者：
Elliott, Richard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Csete, Joanne;Elliott, Richard
自2000年以来，北美过量死亡率急剧上升，近几十年来世界其他地区有害药物使用激增，这对毒品政策制定者提出了挑战，要求他们扩大减少危害的定义。确保那些从非法市场获得掺假药物的人获得安全的药物供应，必须是预防过量用药和减少过量用药危害的一个基本要素。安全供应举措，包括但不限于以人道和非污名化的方式提供受法律管制的医用级海洛因或氢吗啡酮，是国家保护生命权和健康权的义务所充分证明的。这些举措超出了既定的减少危害措施，这些措施可以防止传染病的传播，但没有解决从不受管制的非法市场获得的药物的毒性问题。有人认为，政府在精神药物方面的安全供应义务类似于消费者保护领域的其他国家责任，并延伸到使用任何种类精神药物的所有人。与所有健康和减少危害方案一样，安全供应措施的设计、实施和评价必须有吸毒者的切实参与。
The dramatic increase in overdose mortality in North America since 2000 and spikes in harmful drug use in other parts of the world in recent decades challenge drug policy-makers to broaden their definition of harm reduction. Ensuring access to a safe supply of drugs for those obtaining adulterated drugs from illegal markets must be an essential element of preventing overdose and reducing the harms of overdose. Safe supply initiatives, including but not limited to the provision of legally regulated medical-grade heroin or hydromorphone in humane and non-stigmatizing ways, are well justified by the state obligations to protect the right to life and the right to health. Such initiatives go beyond established harm reduction measures that may protect against infectious disease transmission but do not address the problem of toxicity of drugs obtained from unregulated illegal markets. It is argued here that the safe supply obligations of governments with respect to psychotropic drugs are analogous to other state responsibilities in the area of consumer protection and extend to all people using any kind of psychotropic substance. Safe supply measures, as with all health and harm reduction programmes, must be designed, implemented and evaluated with meaningful participation of people who use drugs.