Persistent advantage or disadvantage?: Evidence in support of the intergenerational drag hypothesis
Persistent advantage or disadvantage?: Evidence in support of the intergenerational drag hypothesis
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DOI：
10.1111/1536-7150.00070
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发表时间：
2001-04-01
影响因子：
0.8
通讯作者：
Guilkey, DK
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Darity, W;Dietrich, J;Guilkey, DK
通过利用综合公共使用微数据系列（IPUMS）和职业声望测量（OCCSCORE）作为劳动力市场结果，作者研究了1880年至1990年间美国几个民族和种族群体所面临的劳动力市场歧视程度的变化。结果表明，劳动力市场对黑人歧视的急剧下降发生在1960年至1980年之间。从1880年到1970年，在IPUMS的所有人口普查年份中，黑人男性的劳动力市场歧视程度更大，这与传统的预期相矛盾，即基于市场的歧视将随着时间的推移在竞争压力下逐渐减少。最后，在复制了George Bojas的“种族资本”实验之后，作者将1880年、1900年和1910年的数据汇总在一起，以确定一个群体在职业声望上的得失的相对程度，这是由于群体在人力资本禀赋上的优势或劣势，以及劳动力市场对这些禀赋的有利或不利待遇（裙带关系或歧视）造成的。然后，作者从统计数据上考察了人力资本优势或劣势以及在世纪之交遭受裙带关系或歧视的群体是否会影响他们后代今天的劳动力市场结果。结果表明，过去对当前劳动力市场结果的强烈影响。因此，这项研究的本质是统计证明，对其种族/民族祖先的当代人的劳动力市场经历有显著和可检测的影响。
By utilizing the Integrated Public Use Microdata Series (IPUMS) and a measure of occupational prestige (OCCSCORE) as a labor market outcome, the authors examine variations in the degree of labor market discrimination faced by several ethnic and racial groups in the United States between 1880 and 1990. Results demonstrate that the sharpest decline in labor market discrimination against blacks occurred between 1960 and 1980. For black males the extent of labor market discrimination was greater in all census years in IPUMS after 1880 until 1970, evidence contradicting the conventional expectation that market-based discrimination will decline progressively over time by dint of competitive pressure. Finally, after replicating George Bojas' "ethnic capital" exercise, the authors pool the 1880, 1900, and 1910 data to determine the relative magnitude of a group's gains and losses in occupational prestige due to group advantage or disadvantage in human capital endowments and due to favorable or unfavorable treatment (nepotism or discrimination) of those endowments in the labor market. The authors then examine statistically whether the group human capital advantage or disadvantage and group exposure to nepotism or discrimination at the turn of the century affects labor market outcomes for their descendants today. Results indicate strong effects of the past on present labor market outcomes. Hence, the essence of the study is the statistical demonstration that there are significant and detectable effects on current generations of the labor market experiences of their racial/ethnic ancestors.