Quantum computing hardware in the cloud: Should a computational chemist care?
Quantum computing hardware in the cloud: Should a computational chemist care?
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DOI：
10.1002/qua.26688
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发表时间：
2021-02
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
A. Rossi;P. Baity;V. M. Schäfer;M. Weides
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
A. Rossi;P. Baity;V. M. Schäfer;M. Weides
在过去的十年中，基于各种物理系统的量子计算硬件的实验实现取得了很大进展。人们相信足够强大的量子机器将在包括化学研究在内的许多领域带来巨大的计算优势，这一信念推动了快速进展。能够模拟复杂分子电子结构的量子计算机将改变新药物和材料设计的游戏规则。考虑到这项技术的潜在影响，化学界需要跟上最新发展，并参与量子原型的实验。为了促进这一点，我们在这里回顾了通过云服务向公众提供的量子计算硬件的类型。我们专注于三种架构，即超导体、俘获离子和半导体。对于每一项，我们都总结了基本的物理操作、要求和性能。我们讨论了每个系统在多大程度上用于分子化学问题，并强调了需要解决的最紧迫的硬件问题，以最终实现与化学相关的量子优势。
Within the last decade much progress has been made in the experimental realisation of quantum computing hardware based on a variety of physical systems. Rapid progress has been fuelled by the conviction that sufficiently powerful quantum machines will herald enormous computational advantages in many elds, including chemical research. A quantum computer capable of simulating the electronic structures of complex molecules would be a game changer for the design of new drugs and materials. Given the potential implications of this technology, there is a need within the chemistry community to keep abreast with the latest developments as well as becoming involved in experimentation with quantum prototypes. To facilitate this, here we review the types of quantum computing hardware that have been made available to the public through cloud services. We focus on three architectures, namely superconductors, trapped ions and semiconductors. For each one we summarise the basic physical operations, requirements and performance. We discuss to what extent each system has been used for molecular chemistry problems and highlight the most pressing hardware issues to be solved for a chemistry-relevant quantum advantage to eventually emerge.