TOWER OF HANOI PERFORMANCE OF RETARDED YOUNG-ADULTS AND NONRETARDED-CHILDREN AS A FUNCTION OF SOLUTION LENGTH AND GOAL STATE
TOWER OF HANOI PERFORMANCE OF RETARDED YOUNG-ADULTS AND NONRETARDED-CHILDREN AS A FUNCTION OF SOLUTION LENGTH AND GOAL STATE
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DOI：
10.1016/0022-0965(82)90008-x
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发表时间：
1982-01-01
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
DORANS, BA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BORYS, SV;SPITZ, HH;DORANS, BA
使用河内塔任务对6岁、7岁、8岁和10岁的非智力落后儿童和不同成熟年龄的智力落后的年轻人的问题解决能力进行了三个实验。在实验1中，解决问题所需的移动次数逐渐减少，直到被试能够解决3个圆盘的塔端问题。尽管所有组在标准的7步问题上都遇到了困难，但除了可训练的智障组外，所有人都很容易解决了6步问题。可训练的小组直到4步问题才达到类似的成功水平。在7步问题上，发育迟缓组的表现与发育成熟1.5-3岁的非发育迟滞组相当。对第一招的分析表明，受试者群体在解决问题时使用的策略有所不同。在实验2中，练习效果被排除为在6步问题上比在7步问题上表现更好的来源。在实验3中，7岁和10岁的非智力落后儿童和智力落后的年轻人在目标压力结构不同的5步问题上没有差异。对搜索深度相同的所有5步问题的比较表明，塔端问题比部分塔端问题更容易解决，而部分塔端问题又比平端问题更容易解决。搜索能力的有限深度限制了复杂策略的使用，在很大程度上解释了智障群体的成熟滞后。
Three experiments were conducted with the Tower of Hanoi task to assess problem solving ability in 6-, 7-, 8- and 10-yr-old nonretarded children and mentally retarded young adults of varying maturational ages. In experiment 1, the number of moves required for solution was gradually reduced until subjects could solve the 3-disk tower-ending problem. Although all groups experienced difficulty with the standard 7-move problem, all but the trainable retarded group readily solved the 6-move problem. The trainable group did not reach a comparable level of success until the 4-move problem. On the 7-move problem the retarded groups performed at the level of nonretarded groups that were maturationally 1.5-3 yr younger. An analysis of 1st moves indicated that subject groups differed in the strategies they used to solve the problems. In experiment 2, practice effects were ruled out as a source of the superior performance on the 6- than on the 7-move problem. In experiment 3, 7- and 10-yr-old nonretarded children and mentally retarded young adults did not differ on 5-move problems in which configuration of the goal stress was varied. A comparison of all 5-move problems judged to have the same depth of search requirements indicated that the tower-ending problems were significantly easier to solve than the partial-tower-ending problems, which in turn were easier than the flat-ending problems. A limited depth of search capacity sets boundaries on the use of sophisticated strategies and, to a large extent, accounts for the retarded groups'' maturational lag.