An Asynchronous Analog Self-Powered CMOS Sensor-Data-Logger With a 13.56 MHz RF Programming Interface
An Asynchronous Analog Self-Powered CMOS Sensor-Data-Logger With a 13.56 MHz RF Programming Interface
复制标题
DOI：
10.1109/jssc.2011.2172159
复制
发表时间：
2012-02-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Chakrabartty, Shantanu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Huang, Chenling;Chakrabartty, Shantanu
设计并实现了一种混合式能量收集集成电路（IC），它包括一个异步自供电模拟传感器数据记录器（SDL）单元和一个13.56 MHz射频（RF）编程接口。SDL单元采用基于事件的模拟自供电技术，其中用于感测、计算和非易失性存储的能量直接从被感测的信号中获取。通过利用受控热电子注入机制中固有的操作原语，SDL单元消除了传统能量收集传感器中常用的电压调节、能量存储、ADC、MCU和RAM的需要。使用集成的13.56 MHz RF反向遥测接口对SDL单元进行远程编程和数据询问。该接口包括一个基于令牌环架构的6指令集数字命令和控制单元;一个用于编程浮栅（FG）晶体管的高压发生器;以及一个用于与外部读取器通信的RF前端单元。我们表明，自供电的设计是适合与电容传感器（如集成。例如，在一个实施例中，压电换能器），可以产生大于5 V的开路负载电压和小于200 nA的驱动电流。在0.5 μ m标准CMOS工艺中制造的原型的测量结果表明，IC在自供电模式下的功耗小于90 nA，在射频供电模式下的功耗小于200 W，询问距离高达40 mm。我们表明，传感器经历最小的停机时间，并可以连续监测和记录传感器信号的不同属性的电平交叉统计。
Design and implementation of a hybrid energy scavenging integrated circuit (IC) is presented which includes an asynchronous self-powered analog sensor-data-logger (SDL) unit and a 13.56 MHz radio-frequency (RF) programming interface. The SDL unit operates on an event-based analog self-powering technique where the energy for sensing, computation and non-volatile storage is harvested directly from the signal being sensed. By exploiting operational primitives inherent in a controlled hot-electron injection mechanism, the SDL unit eliminates the need for voltage regulation, energy storage, ADCs, MCUs and RAMs which are commonly used in traditional energy scavenging sensors. Remote programming and data interrogation of the SDL unit are performed using an integrated 13.56 MHz RF back-telemetry interface. The interface consists of a 6-instruction set digital command and control unit based on a token-ring architecture; a high-voltage generator for programming floating-gate (FG) transistors; and an RF front-end unit for communicating with an external reader. We show that the self-powered design is suitable for integration with electro-capacitive transducers (e. g., piezoelectric transducers) that can generate open-load voltages greater than 5 V and drive currents less than 200 nA. Measured results from prototypes fabricated in a 0.5-mu m standard CMOS process demonstrate that the IC consumes less than 90 nA in the self-powering mode and less than 200 W of power in the RF-powering mode with an interrogation distance up to 40 mm. By combining self-powering and RF-powering, we show that the sensor experiences minimum down-time and can continuously monitor and record level-crossing statistics of different attributes of sensor signals.