Parsing memory and nonmemory contributions to age-related declines in mnemonic discrimination performance: a hierarchical Bayesian diffusion decision modeling approach.
Parsing memory and nonmemory contributions to age-related declines in mnemonic discrimination performance: a hierarchical Bayesian diffusion decision modeling approach.
复制标题
解析记忆和非记忆对助记辨别性能与年龄相关的下降的贡献：分层贝叶斯扩散决策建模方法。
DOI：
10.1101/lm.053838.123
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发表时间：
2023
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Yassa,MichaelA
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chwiesko,Caroline;Janecek,John;Doering,Stephanie;Hollearn,Martina;McMillan,Liv;Vandekerckhove,Joachim;Lee,MichaelD;Ratcliff,Roger;Yassa,MichaelA
记忆辨别任务(MDT)是一种广泛使用的认知评估工具。在这项任务中的表现被认为表明了与年龄相关的情景记忆缺陷，这是由于在相似经历中进行模式分离的能力降低所致。然而，记忆能力以外的认知过程可能会影响任务绩效。在这项研究中，我们调查了非助记决策过程是否与年龄相关的MDT缺陷有关。我们应用分层贝叶斯版本的Ratclff扩散模型对26名年轻人和31名认知正常的老年人的MDT表现进行了研究。它允许我们将MDT中的决策行为分解为不同的潜在认知过程，由特定的模型参数表示。比较两组间的模型参数，并使用贝叶斯因子评估差异。我们的结果表明，与年龄相关的MDT成绩下降表明主要是助记缺陷，而不是非助记决策过程的差异。此外，这种记忆缺陷还可能涉及与编码和提取策略相关的过程放缓，而编码和提取策略也与成功记忆有关。这些发现有助于更好地理解是什么认知过程导致了年龄相关的MDT成绩下降，并可能有助于提高这一流行任务的诊断价值。
The mnemonic discrimination task (MDT) is a widely used cognitive assessment tool. Performance in this task is believed to indicate an age-related deficit in episodic memory stemming from a decreased ability to pattern-separate among similar experiences. However, cognitive processes other than memory ability might impact task performance. In this study, we investigated whether nonmnemonic decision-making processes contribute to the age-related deficit in the MDT. We applied a hierarchical Bayesian version of the Ratcliff diffusion model to the MDT performance of 26 younger and 31 cognitively normal older adults. It allowed us to decompose decision behavior in the MDT into different underlying cognitive processes, represented by specific model parameters. Model parameters were compared between groups, and differences were evaluated using the Bayes factor. Our results suggest that the age-related decline in MDT performance indicates a predominantly mnemonic deficit rather than differences in nonmnemonic decision-making processes. In addition, this mnemonic deficit might also involve a slowing in processes related to encoding and retrieval strategies, which are relevant for successful memory as well. These findings help to better understand what cognitive processes contribute to the age-related decline in MDT performance and may help to improve the diagnostic value of this popular task.