Generalization of the second law for a nonequilibrium initial state
Generalization of the second law for a nonequilibrium initial state
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DOI：
10.1016/j.physleta.2009.12.042
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发表时间：
2010-02-08
影响因子：
2.6
通讯作者：
Driebe, D. J.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hasegawa, H. -H.;Ishikawa, J.;Driebe, D. J.
我们将热力学第二定律推广到非平衡初始分布的最大功公式中。研究发现，在等温过程中，玻尔兹曼相对熵（H函数）不仅仅是李亚普诺夫函数，而且还告诉我们从非平衡初始状态可以获得的最大功。广义第二定律还给出了工作与信息之间的基本关系。即使对于不与热库接触但具有由等熵条件确定的有效温度的小型哈密顿系统，它也是有效的。我们的关系可以在 Szilard 引擎中进行测试，该引擎将在实验室中实现。 (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
We generalize the second law of thermodynamics in its maximum work formulation for a nonequilibrium initial distribution. It is found that in an isothermal process, the Boltzmann relative entropy (H-function) is not just a Lyapunov function but also tells us the maximum work that may be gained from a nonequilibrium initial state. The generalized second law also gives a fundamental relation between work and information. It is valid even for a small Hamiltonian system not in contact with a heat reservoir but with an effective temperature determined by the isentropic condition. Our relation can be tested in the Szilard engine, which will be realized in the laboratory. (C) 2010 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.