CIGARETTE-SMOKING AND THE RISK OF BREAST-CANCER
CIGARETTE-SMOKING AND THE RISK OF BREAST-CANCER
复制标题
DOI：
10.1093/oxfordjournals.epirev.a036098
复制
发表时间：
1993-01-01
影响因子：
5.5
通讯作者：
ROSENBERG, L
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
PALMER, JR;ROSENBERG, L
1982年，MacMahon等人(1)报道了吸烟者在月经周期黄体期尿中雌激素水平降低。根据这一发现和其他证据，他们假设吸烟可能会降低患乳腺癌的风险。然而，1986 年，Hiatt 和 Fireman (2) 提出了一个相反的假设，即烟草烟雾可能对乳房有直接致癌作用，这可能超过可能的抗雌激素作用的益处。他们的假设部分基于证据，即香烟烟雾中的诱变剂集中在非哺乳期妇女的乳腺液中 (3)，并且吸烟者在不直接接触香烟烟雾的其他部位（包括子宫颈、胰腺和膀胱）患癌症的几率较高 (4)。许多研究人员发表了关于吸烟与乳腺癌风险之间关系的数据，这些数据来自以下案例：
In 1982, MacMahon et al.(1) reported a reduction in the urinary estrogen levels of smokers during the luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. Based on that finding and other evidence, they hypothesized that cigarette smoking may reduce the risk of breast cancer. In 1986, however, Hiatt and Fireman (2) proposed a contrary hypothesis, that tobacco smoke may have a direct carcinogenic effect on the breast which could outweigh the benefits of a possible antiestrogenic effect. Their hypothesis was based in part on evidence that mutagens from cigarette smoke are concentrated in the breast fluid of nonlactating women (3) and that smokers have a higher incidence of cancers of other sites (including the cervix, pancreas, and bladder) which do not have direct contact with cigarette smoke (4). Numerous investigators have published data on the relation between cigarette smoking and breast cancer risk from both case-