Patching vs Packaging in Policy Formulation: Assessing Policy Portfolio Design
Patching vs Packaging in Policy Formulation: Assessing Policy Portfolio Design
复制标题
政策制定中的补丁与打包：评估政策组合设计
DOI：
10.17645/pag.v1i2.95
复制
发表时间：
2013
影响因子：
2.2
通讯作者：
J. Rayner
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Michael Howlett;J. Rayner
关于政策组合的思考是当前政策科学研究工作的前沿，并提出了许多重要问题，涉及政策工具和手段、政策制定过程以及工具选择随时间的演变。其中一个重要问题是如何评估多种政策工具的潜力，以切实有效的方式实现政策目标。以前关于政策组合的概念性工作强调了诸如“一致性”等评价标准。（多种政策工具在追求个别政策目标时相互加强而不是相互削弱的能力），“一致性”（或多个政策目标以逻辑方式共存的能力），和“一致性”（或多个目标和工具以单向或相互支持的方式协同工作的能力）作为政策组合的重要设计原则和最佳措施。先前关于现有政策组合演变的实证研究已经强调了这三个标准在随着时间的推移而演变的组合以及那些有意识地设计的组合中往往是缺乏的。本文回顾了这一早期的设计工作，以更清楚地评估为什么许多现有的政策组合是次优的，这对思考政策制定过程和政策设计的做法的后果的原因。
Thinking about policy mixes is at the forefront of current research work in the policy sciences and raises many significant questions with respect to policy tools and instruments, processes of policy formulation, and the evolution of tool choices over time. Not least among these is how to assess the potential for multiple policy tools to achieve policy goals in an efficient and effective way. Previous conceptual work on policy mixes has highlighted evaluative criteria such as "consistency" (the ability of multiple policy tools to reinforce rather than undermine each other in the pursuit of individual policy goals), "coherence" (or the ability of multiple policy goals to co-exist with each other in a logical fashion), and "congruence" (or the ability of multiple goals and instruments to work together in a uni-directional or mutually supportive fashion) as important design principles and measures of optimality in policy mixes. And previous empirical work on the evolution of existing policy mixes has highlighted how these three criteria are often lacking in mixes which have evolved over time as well as those which have otherwise been consciously designed. This article revisits this early design work in order to more clearly assess the reasons why many existing policy mixes are sub-optimal and the consequences this has for thinking about policy formulation processes and the practices of policy design.