Classification of the heterogeneous structure of urban landscapes (STURLA) as an indicator of landscape function applied to surface temperature in New York City
Classification of the heterogeneous structure of urban landscapes (STURLA) as an indicator of landscape function applied to surface temperature in New York City
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ecolind.2015.10.014
复制
发表时间：
2016-11-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Haase, Dagmar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hamstead, Zoe A.;Kremer, Peleg;Haase, Dagmar
在以密度和斑块空间格局为特征的城市地区，定义景观结构以及景观结构与功能之间的关键关系具有挑战性。为了追踪城市景观结构的时空格局，比较城市之间的格局，或为城市设计原则提供信息，我们需要以一种捕捉背景和景观异质性的方式对景观进行分类，这种方式可以广泛应用于不同城市或城市内部的景观变化。在这项研究中，我们引入了一种简单且可重复的方法来对城市景观结构进行分类（STURLA），该方法利用异质的复合类别来代表建筑和自然特征的组合，并研究了景观功能-表面温度的响应。这种分类方法的独特之处在于，它基于城市景观中出现的相邻结构元素的组成，使用细胞网格定义分析单元，开发了复合（而不是同质）类，这些类是事后定义的。我们测试了从这种方法中产生的类别的可分离性，并发现有可能区分类别-由城市地区常见的土地和建筑覆盖的混合组成-它们具有明显不同的温度特征。这种分类方法可以扩展到多个城市和生态指标，以便深入了解城市景观结构与生态系统响应之间的关系，以一种解释不同类型城市景观表面之间相互作用的方式。我们建议，这种方法可以支持城市发展中景观功能需求的空间优先级和改善特定功能类型的设计方法，例如减少城市热量。(C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd.版权所有。
Defining landscape structure and key relationships between landscape structure and function is challenging in urban areas characterized by density and patchy spatial patterns. In order to trace the spatial and temporal patterns of urban landscape structures, compare patterns across cities, or inform urban design principles, we need to classify the landscape in a way that captures context and landscape heterogeneity, but can be broadly applied across different cities or landscape variations within a city. In this study, we introduce a simple and reproducible approach for classifying the structure of urban landscapes (STURLA) that utilizes heterogeneous, composite classes which represent combinations of built and natural features, and examine the response of a landscape function - surface temperature.This classification approach is unique in that it develops composite (as opposed to homogeneous) classes, which are defined a posteriori, based on compositions of adjacent structural elements that emerge in the urban landscape, using a cellular grid to define units of analysis. We test the separability of classes that emerge from this approach, and find that it is possible to discern classes - comprised of the mix of land and building covers common in urban areas - which have meaningfully distinct temperature signatures. This classification approach may be extended to multiple cities and ecological indicators in order to offer insight into the relationship between urban landscape structure and ecosystem response, in a way that accounts for interactions among different types of urban landscape surfaces. We suggest that this approach can support spatial prioritization of landscape function needs in urban development and design approaches for improving particular types of functioning, such as reductions in urban heat. (C) 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.