An evolving research agenda for human-coastal systems
An evolving research agenda for human-coastal systems
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DOI：
10.1016/j.geomorph.2015.07.043
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发表时间：
2016-03
期刊：
影响因子：
3.9
通讯作者：
E. Lazarus;M. Ellis;A. Murray;Damon M. Hall
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Lazarus;M. Ellis;A. Murray;Damon M. Hall
在环境变化，可持续性科学和人为地球表面系统的广泛论述，一个集中的工作机构涉及发达海岸线的耦合经济和物理动力学。从湿地和三角洲到海湾和沙丘系统，沿海环境的快速变化有助于研究人员认识、观察和调查自然（非人类）形态动力学和生物形态动力学的耦合。这种快节奏变化的内在性质也使发达的沿海地区成为物理过程和人类活动之间可观察到的耦合的典范。在许多沿海社区，海滩侵蚀是一种具有经济成本的自然灾害，沿海管理部门通过各种减缓战略来应对，包括海滩补给、丁坝、护岸和海堤。随着侵蚀和减缓的循环，海岸线的变化和经济驱动的干预措施变得相互关联。双向经济-物理耦合的涌现动力学是近年来的研究发现。在建立了强大的理论基础之后，对人类-海岸系统耦合的研究已经通过了早期的概念验证阶段。本文提出了三个需要解决的主要挑战，以推进人类-海岸系统的理论和经验处理：（1）以一系列尺度捕捉社会行动的方式，编纂显着的个人和社会决策行为（从而涉及经济学、社会科学和政策学科）;（2）量化人类活动对沿岸和跨岸沉积物路径的影响以及沿海地区随时间的长期景观演变，包括直接测量由沿海开发和管理实践引起的沉积物单元的累积变化（例如，（3）海岸地貌动力学研究人员和海岸管理从业人员之间相互交流知识和数据。未来对人类-海岸系统的研究可以受益于数十年来对公共资源复杂动态的跨学科工作，计算效率和数值建模的新技术，以及世界各地自然和发达海岸线的高分辨率地理空间数据的不断增长。
Within the broad discourses of environmental change, sustainability science, and anthropogenic Earth-surface systems, a focused body of work involves the coupled economic and physical dynamics of developed shorelines. Rapid rates of change in coastal environments, from wetlands and deltas to inlets and dune systems, help researchers recognize, observe, and investigate coupling in natural (non-human) morphodynamics and biomorphodynamics. This same intrinsic quality of fast-paced change also makes developed coastal zones exemplars of observable coupling between physical processes and human activities. In many coastal communities, beach erosion is a natural hazard with economic costs that coastal management counters through a variety of mitigation strategies, including beach replenishment, groynes, revetments, and seawalls. As cycles of erosion and mitigation iterate, coastline change and economically driven interventions become mutually linked. Emergent dynamics of two-way economic–physical coupling is a recent research discovery. Having established a strong theoretical basis, research into coupled human–coastal systems has passed its early proof-of-concept phase. This paper frames three major challenges that need resolving in order to advance theoretical and empirical treatments of human–coastal systems: (1) codifying salient individual and social behaviors of decision-making in ways that capture societal actions across a range of scales (thus engaging economics, social science, and policy disciplines); (2) quantifying anthropogenic effects on alongshore and cross-shore sediment pathways and long-term landscape evolution in coastal zones through time, including direct measurement of cumulative changes to sediment cells resulting from coastal development and management practices (e.g., construction of buildings and artificial dunes, bulldozer removal of overwash after major storms); and (3) reciprocal knowledge and data exchange between researchers in coastal morphodynamics and practitioners of coastal management. Future research into human–coastal systems can benefit from decades of interdisciplinary work on the complex dynamics of common-pool resources, from computational efficiency and new techniques in numerical modeling, and from the growing catalog of high-resolution geospatial data for natural and developed coastlines around the world.