Anion channels in astrocytes: Biophysics, pharmacology, and function
Anion channels in astrocytes: Biophysics, pharmacology, and function
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DOI：
10.1002/glia.20423
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发表时间：
2006-11-15
期刊：
影响因子：
6.2
通讯作者：
Sontheimer, Harald
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kimelberg, Harold K.;Macvicar, Brln A.;Sontheimer, Harald
本文综述了迄今为止在培养的星形胶质细胞中发现的氯离子/阴离子通道，以及已被信使核糖核酸鉴定、免疫细胞化学和生物物理研究相结合的原位确认的通道。需要强调的是，我们才刚刚开始描述这种通道并分析它们在星形胶质细胞中的功能。到目前为止，研究最多的是那些被称为容量调节阴离子通道(VRAC)的阴离子通道。与大多数通道一样，这些通道主要是在培养的星形胶质细胞中研究的，但也有一些相关的研究，因为这些通道被强调为递质的释放途径，即兴奋性氨基酸和ATP。它们是由细胞形状变化和细胞膨胀激活的，通过全细胞钳制测量的氨基酸、ATP和氯电流的释放已经被很好地描述，以及它们被低浓度的细胞外ATP激活。然而，像所有其他细胞一样，星形胶质细胞中这些通道的身份仍然难以捉摸。文中还讨论了VRAC在中风、转移和扩散性抑郁等病理状态中的潜在作用。(C)2006年Wiley-Liss，Inc.
The chloride/anion channels that have been so far identified in cultured astrocytes and those that have been confirmed in situ by a combination of mRNA identification, immunocytochemistry, and biophysical studies are reviewed. It is emphasized that we are just beginning to describe such channels and analyze their functions in astrocytes. The best-studied anion channels studied so far are those known as volume-regulated anion channels (VRACs). These, as for most channels, have been mainly studied in cultured astrocytes, but some correlative studies have been done in situ, because these channels have been emphasized as release routes for transmitters; namely, excitatory amino acids and ATP. They are activated by cell shape changes and cell swelling, and the release of amino acids and ATP and chloride currents, measured by whole cell clamping, by these processes has been well described, as is also their activation by low concentrations of extracellular ATP. However, the identity of these channels in astrocytes, as in all other cells, remains elusive. The potential involvement of VRACs in pathological states such as stroke, metastasis, and spreading depression is also discussed. (c) 2006 Wiley-Liss, Inc.