CEP genes regulate root and shoot development in response to environmental cues and are specific to seed plants
CEP genes regulate root and shoot development in response to environmental cues and are specific to seed plants
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DOI：
10.1093/jxb/ert332
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发表时间：
2013-12-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
Djordjevic, Michael A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Delay, Christina;Imin, Nijat;Djordjevic, Michael A.
植物生长过程中重复的发育程序的表现形式可以根据各种环境线索进行调整。在根发育过程中，这意味着能够精确地控制根的生长和侧根的发育。已发现小信号肽在根发育的许多方面发挥作用。CEP(C-末端编码肽)基因家族中的一个成员已被证明阻止根的生长。在这里，我们报道CEP基因在种子植物中广泛存在，但在缺乏真正的分枝根或根维管系统的陆地植物中不存在。我们已经在拟南芥中发现了另外10个CEP基因。表达分析表明，CEP基因受环境信号的调控，如氮素限制、盐水平增加、渗透强度增加、根和地上部的CO2水平增加。对合成的CEP变异体的分析表明，CEP的多肽序列和关键氨基酸的修饰都会影响CEP的生物学活性。对几个CEP过表达系的分析表明，CEP基因在根和地上部发育中具有不同的作用。一个cep3基因敲除突变体在一系列非生物胁迫、营养和光照条件下表现出促进根和地上部生长的作用。我们证明，CEPs是根发育的负调控因子，减缓了初生根的生长，减少了侧根的形成。我们认为CEP是一种负调控因子，可以调节环境对植物发育的影响。
The manifestation of repetitive developmental programmes during plant growth can be adjusted in response to various environmental cues. During root development, this means being able to precisely control root growth and lateral root development. Small signalling peptides have been found to play roles in many aspects of root development. One member of the CEP (C-TERMINALLY ENCODED PEPTIDE) gene family has been shown to arrest root growth. Here we report that CEP genes are widespread among seed plants but are not present in land plants that lack true branching roots or root vasculature. We have identified 10 additional CEP genes in Arabidopsis. Expression analysis revealed that CEP genes are regulated by environmental cues such as nitrogen limitation, increased salt levels, increased osmotic strength, and increased CO2 levels in both roots and shoots. Analysis of synthetic CEP variants showed that both peptide sequence and modifications of key amino acids affect CEP biological activity. Analysis of several CEP over-expression lines revealed distinct roles for CEP genes in root and shoot development. A cep3 knockout mutant showed increased root and shoot growth under a range of abiotic stress, nutrient, and light conditions. We demonstrate that CEPs are negative regulators of root development, slowing primary root growth and reducing lateral root formation. We propose that CEPs are negative regulators that mediate environmental influences on plant development.