The simplicity principle in human concept learning
The simplicity principle in human concept learning
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DOI：
10.1046/j.0963-7214.2003.01267.x
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发表时间：
2003-12-01
影响因子：
7.2
通讯作者：
Feldman, J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Feldman, J
我们如何从例子中学习概念和类别？部分答案可能是，我们归纳出与给定的一组示例对象相一致的最简单的类别。这个看似显而易见的想法，类似于许多领域的简单性原则，在当代概念学习理论中几乎没有发挥作用，这些理论主要基于范例的存储，并避免任何形式的总结或公开抽象。本文回顾了一些证据，复杂性最小化确实发挥了核心作用，在人类的概念学习。主要发现是，被试的概念学习能力很大程度上取决于概念的内在复杂性，越复杂的概念越难学习。这种普遍的影响表明，与范例理论相反，概念学习主要涉及从例子中提取简化或抽象的概括。
How do we learn concepts and categories from examples? Part of the answer might be that we induce the simplest category consistent with a given set of example objects. This seemingly obvious idea, akin to simplicity principles in many fields, plays surprisingly little role in contemporary theories of concept learning which are mostly based on the storage of exemplars, and avoid summarization or overt abstraction of any kind. This article reviews some evidence that complexity minimization does indeed play a central role in human concept learning. The chief finding is that subjects' ability to learn concepts depends heavily on the concepts' intrinsic complexity, more complex concepts are more difficult to learn. This pervasive effect suggests, contrary to exemplar theories, that concept learning critically involves the extraction of a simplified or abstracted generalization from examples.