On the contribution of perceptual fluency and priming to recognition memory
On the contribution of perceptual fluency and priming to recognition memory
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DOI：
10.3758/cabn.5.1.14
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发表时间：
2005-03-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Squire, LR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conroy, MA;Hopkins, RO;Squire, LR
重复启动已被证明是独立的再认记忆。因此，严重健忘症患者E. P.表现出完整的词干完成启动和知觉识别启动，尽管在识别记忆任务的机会表现。研究还表明，感知流畅性可以影响熟悉感，在这个意义上，感知更快的项目往往被认为是熟悉的。如果由于知觉启动，学习的项目被更流畅地识别，而流畅导致熟悉，为什么严重健忘症患者在识别记忆任务中的表现并不比机会好？一种可能性是，严重健忘症患者不会表现出正常的流畅性。另一种可能性是，流利程度并不是一个足够强的线索，熟悉。在两个实验中，2名严重健忘症患者，3名中度健忘症患者和8名对照组看到单词从面具上慢慢清除。参与者尽可能快地识别每个单词，然后做出识别（旧/新）判断。所有的参与者都表现出流畅性，因为旧的反应比新的反应与更短的识别时间相关。此外，对于严重健忘症患者，启动是完整的，再认记忆的表现是偶然的。接下来，我们计算了启动和流畅度应该提高多少准确识别的概率。快速识别学习单词的倾向（0.6）和将这些快速识别的单词标记为旧单词的倾向（0.6）将导致36%的学习单词被标记为旧单词。其他被研究的单词识别缓慢（0.4），但仍然被标记为旧（0.4），导致额外的16%的被研究的单词被标记为旧。因此，流畅性的存在将准确识别判断的可能性仅增加到52%（机会= 50%）。这一发现解释了为什么健忘症患者可以表现出启动和流畅性，但仍然在识别测试中表现偶然。
Repetition priming has been shown to be independent of recognition memory. Thus, the severely amnesic patient E.P. has demonstrated intact stem completion priming and perceptual identification priming, despite at-chance performance on recognition memory tasks. It has also been shown that perceptual fluency can influence feelings of familiarity, in the sense that items perceived more quickly tend to be identified as familiar. If studied items are identified more fluently, due to perceptual priming, and fluency leads to familiarity, why do severely amnesic patients perform no better than chance on recognition memory tasks? One possibility is that severely amnesic patients do not exhibit normal fluency. Another possibility is that fluency is not a sufficiently strong cue for familiarity. In two experiments, 2 severely amnesic patients, 3 moderately amnesic patients, and 8 controls saw words slowly clearing from a mask. The participants identified each word as quickly as possible and then made a recognition (old/new) judgment. All the participants exhibited fluency, in that old responses were associated with shorter identification times than new responses were. In addition, for the severely amnesic patients, priming was intact, and recognition memory performance was at chance. We next calculated how much priming and fluency should elevate the probability of accurate recognition. The tendency to identify studied words rapidly (.6) and the tendency to label these rapidly identified words old (.6) would result in 36% of the studied words being labeled old. Other studied words were identified slowly (.4) but were still labeled old (.4), resulting in an additional 16% of studied words labeled old. Thus, the presence of fluency increases the probability of accurate recognition judgments to only 52% (chance = 50%). This finding explains why amnesic patients can exhibit both priming and fluency yet still perform at chance on recognition tests.